Psychoactive Flora & Fungi

[Teotzlcoatl]

~~~Psychoactive Flora & Fungi~~~

+This file lists many of the psychoactive botanicals which are generally know to be effective and relatively safe for use in altering consciousness. All the botanicals listed are either overtly psychoactive, have historical/cultural significance, or both. I’ve attempted to pinpoint the main species in order to keep it simple, but there may be related species in any given genera which may have similar effects.

~~~Psychoactive Flora & Fungi~~~

+This file lists many of the psychoactive botanicals which are generally know to be effective and relatively safe for use in altering consciousness. All the botanicals listed are either overtly psychoactive, have historical/cultural significance, or both. I’ve attempted to pinpoint the main species in order to keep it simple, but there may be related species in any given genera which may have similar effects.[/i]

>>>Entheogens: Botanicals which produce entheogenic, psychedelic &/or hallucinogenic effects-

*Amanita muscaria {var. muscaria} ~ “Fly Agaric”

*Anadenanthera colubrine {var. cebil} & Anadenanthera peregrina {var. peregrina} ~ "Cebil" & "Yopo"

*Argyreia nervosa {var. nervosa} ~ "Baby Woodrose”

*Banisteriopsis caapi ~ “Ayahuasca” or “Yage”

*Diplopterys cabrerana ~ "Chaliponga" or "Oco-Yagè"

*Heimia salicifolia ~ "Sinicuichi" or "Sun Opener"

*Ipomoea tricolor & Ipomoea violacea ~ “Morning Glory” or “Tlitliltzin"

*Lophophora williamsii ~ “Peyote” or “Peyotl”

*Mimosa tenuiflora (syn. hostilis) ~ "Jurema"

*Panaeolus spp. & Psilocybe spp. ~ “Magic/Sacred Mushrooms” or “Teonanácatl"

*Psychotria viridis ~ “Chacruna”

*Salvia divinorum ~ “Diviner’s Sage“, "Ska Pastora" or "Yerba de la Pastora"

*Tabernanthe iboga ~ “Iboga” or “Eboka”

*Trichocereus (syn. Echinopsis) pachanoi & Trichocereus peruvianus ~ “San Pedro” & “Peruvian Torch”

*Turbina (syn. Rivea) corymbosa ~ "Ololiúqui" or "Coaxihuitl"

*Virola calophylla & Virola theiodora ~ "Epena"

>>>Psychoactives: Botanicals which produce intoxication, inebriation, stimulation &/or other mind altering effects-

*Acorus calamus ~ "Sweet Flag"

*Albizia julibrissin ~ "Happiness Tree" or "Silk Tree"

*Angelica archangelica ~ "Angelica"

*Anthemis nobilis ~ "Roman Chamomile" or "Perennial Chamomile"

*Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ~ "Bearberry" or “Kinnikinnick”

*Areca catechu ~ "Betel Nut"

*Argemone mexicana ~ "Prickly Poppy" or “Chicalote”

*Artemisia absinthium & Artemisia vulgaris ~ "Wormwood" & “Mugwort”

*Calea zacatechichi (syn. ternifolia) ~ “Thlepelakano” or "Bitter Grass"

*Camellia sinensis ~ “Tea” or “Green Tea Plant”

*Canarium commune ~ "Elemi"

*Canavalia maritima ~ "Baybean"

*Cannabis sativa ~ “Ganja” or “Marijuana”

*Catha edulis ~ "Khat"

*Cinnamomum camphora & Cinnamomum zeylanicum ~ "Camphor Laurel" & "Cinnamon"

*Coffea arabica ~ "Coffee"

*Cola acuminata & Cola nitida ~ "Cola Nut"

*Commiphora myrrha ~ "Myrrh"

*Corydalis yanhusuo ~ "Yan-Hu-Suo" or "Fumewort"

*Crocus sativus ~ "Saffron"

*Cypripedium species ~ "Lady's Slipper Orchid"

*Duboisia hopwoodii ~ "Pituri"

*Ephedra sinica ~ "Ma Huang” or “Joint-Fir/Pine”

*Erythrina mulungu ~ "Mulungu"

*Erythroxylum coca {var. coca; var. ipadu} & Erythroxylum novagranatense {var. novogranatense; var. truxilloensis} ~ "Coca”

*Eschscholzia californica ~ "California Poppy"

*Glaucium flavum ~ "Yellow Horned Poppy"

*Gnaphalium obtusifolium ~ "Rabbit Tobacco"

*Helichrysum foetidum ~ "Stinking Strawflower"

*Humulus lupulus & Humulus japonicus ~ "Common Hop" & “Japanese Hop”

*Hypericum perforatum ~ “St. John’s Wort”

*Ilex guayusa, Ilex paraguariensis & Ilex vomitoria ~ “Guayusa”, "Yerba Mate" & “Yaupon”

*Justicia pectoralis {var. stenophylla} ~ “Tilo” or “Mashi-Hiri”

*Kaempferia galanga ~ “Galanga”

*Lactuca virosa ~ "Opium Lettuce" or "Bitter/Wild Lettuce”

*Lagochilus inebrians ~ "Inebriating Mint"

*Ledum (syn. Rhododendron) palustre & Ledum groenlandicum ~ “Labrador Tea”

*Leonotis leonurus ~ "Wild Dagga"

*Leonurus cardiaca & Leonurus sibiricus ~ "Motherwort" & "Honeyweed"

*Lobelia inflata ~ "Indian Tobacco"

*Magnolia virginiana ~ "Sweet Magnolia"

*Matricaria chamomilla ~ "Persian Chamomile" or "Annual Chamomile"

*Melissa officinalis ~ "Lemon Balm"

*Mirabilis multiflora ~ "Desert Four O'clock" or "Tsededeeh"

*Mitragyna speciosa ~ "Kratom"

*Monotropa uniflora ~ "Indian Pipe" or "Ghost Pipe"

*Myristica fragrans ~ "Nutmeg"

*Nelumbo nucifera ~ “Indian Sacred Lotus” or “Oriental Lotus”

*Nepeta cataria ~ "Catnip"

*Nicotiana tabacum & Nicotiana rustica ~ "Tobacco" or "Mapacho"

*Nymphaea caerulea ~ "Egyptian Blue Lily"

*Papaver somniferum ~ "Opium Poppy"

*Passiflora incarnata ~ "Passionflower"

*Paullinia cupana {var. sorbilis} ~ "Guaraná"

*Pausinystalia (syn. Corynanthe) yohimbe ~ "Yohimbe"

*Pedicularis spp. ~ "Lousewort"

*Peganum harmala ~ "Harmal" or "Syrian Rue"

*Piper methysticum {var. methysticum} ~ "Kava-Kava"

*Psychotria colorata ~ "Tapiika'a"

*Quararibea funebris ~ "Cacahuaxochitl" or "Flor de Cacao"

*Rauwolfia serpentina ~ "Indian Snake-Root" or "Sarpagandha"

*Rhodiola rosea ~ "Rose-Root"

*Rhus glabra ~ "Red Sumac" or "Maw-ko-la"

*Sceletium tortuosum ~ "Kanna"

*Scutellaria species ~ "Skullcap" or "Scullcap"

*Sida cordifolia & Sida rhombifolia ~ "Bala" or "Wireweed"

*Silene capensis (syn. undulata) ~ "Ubulawu" or “???”

*Tabernaemontana spp. ~ "Milkwood"

*Tagetes lucida ~ "Mexican Tarragon"

*Theobroma cacao ~ "Cacao" or “Chocolate”

*Tilia cordata ~ "Little-leaf Linden"

*Tribulus terrestris ~ "Gokshura" or "Tackweed"

*Turnera diffusa var. aphrodisiaca ~ "Damiana"

*Valeriana officinalis ~ "Valerian Root"

*Verbascum species ~ "Mullein"

*Verbena officinalis ~ "Vervain"

*Voacanga africana ~ "O-Bonawa" or "Kongkong"

*Withania somnifera ~ "Ashwagandha"

*Zornia latifolia ~ "Maconha Brava"

>>>Medicinals: Botanicals which have medicinal properties. These botanicals have a range of healing properties, but are not overtly psychoactive, yet may be mildly so-

*Achillea millefolium ~ "Yarrow"

*Acmella (syn. Spilanthes) oleracea ~ "Toothache Plant" or “Paracress”

*Aloe vera ~ “Aloe”

*Althaea officinalis ~ "Marshmallow"

*Aspalathus linearis ~ "Rooibos"

*Azadirachta indica ~ "Neem"

*Borago officinalis ~ "Borage" or "Starflower"

*Cinchona officinalis ~ "Quinine Bark"

*Croton lechleri ~ "Sangre de Drago" or "Liquid Bandage"

*Cyclopia species ~ "Honeybush"

*Eleutherococcus senticosus ~ "Eleuthero Root" or "Shigoka"

*Eryngium yuccifolium ~ "Button Snake-Root" or "Rattlesnake's Master"

*Foeniculum vulgare ~ "Fennel"

*Ganoderma lucidum ~ "Reishi Mushroom"

*Gaultheria procumbens ~ "Wintergreen"

*Gingko biloba ~ "Gingko"

*Glycyrrhiza glabra ~ "Liquorice"

*Heliopsis longipes ~ "Gold Root"

*Hyssopus officinalis ~ "Hyssop"

*Lepidium meyenii ~ "Maca"

*Ligusticum porteri ~ "Osha"

*Mentha species ~ "Mint"

*Nigella sativa ~ "Black-Seed"

*Panax ginseng ~ "Ginseng"

*Polygala tenuifolia ~ "Yuan Zhi" or "Milkwort"

*Polygonum multiflorum ~ “He Shou Wu”

*Salix alba ~ "White Willow"

*Salvia miltiorrhiza & Salvia spp. ~ "Dan Shen" & "Sage"

*Sassafras albidum ~ "Sassafras"

*Silybum marianum ~ "Milk Thistle"

*Tynanthus panurensis ~ "Clavo-Huasca"

*Uncaria tomentosa ~ "Uña de Gato" or "Cat's Claw"

*Urtica dioica ~ "Stinging Nettle"

*Zanthoxylum clava-herculis ~ "Southern Prickly Ash" or "Pepperwood"

*Zingiber officinale ~ Ginger

*Ziziphus zizyphus ~ "Jujube" or "Chinese Red Date"

>>>Other Ethnobotanicals: Botanical oddities, strange flora or otherwise intriguing plants which do not fit into any of the other categories &/or may have no traditional usage-

*Bixa orellana ~ "Achiote" or "Lipstick Tree"

*Capsicum spp. ~ "Chilli Peppers"

*Daturicarpa elliptica ~ "Spikefruit Datura-Iboga"

*Dionaea muscipula ~ "Venus Flytrap"

*Ficus religiosa ~ "Bodhi", "Bo-Tree" or "Sacred Fig"

*Indigofera tinctoria ~ "Indigo"

*Isatis tinctoria ~ "Woad"

*Manilkara chicle ~ “Chicle” or “Tziktli"

*Phyla (syn. Lippia) dulcis ~ "Aztec Honey Herb"

*Roemeria refracta ~ "Ephedra Poppy"

*Stevia rebaudiana ~ "Sweetleaf"

*Synsepalum dulcificum ~ "Miracle Fruit"

*Cymbopogon nardus & Cymbopogon winterianus & Pelargonium citrosum ~ "Citronella"

*Castilla elastica & Hevea brasiliensis ~ "olicuáhuitl" & "Jebe Tree" or "Rubber Tree"

*Carapichea/Cephalelis? (syn. Psychotria) ipecacuanha ~ "Ipecac" or "Ipecacuanha/I-pe-kaa-guéne"

Edited October 9, 2011 by Teotzlcoatl

[Roopey]

Nicotiana rustica should definitely be up there.

Along with, Peganum harmala, Phalaris arundinacea, P. aquatica, Voacanga africana, Crocus sativus, Tribulus terrestris, and Leonotis nepetifolia.

I'm sure there are more, but I just woke up, so I'll keep thinking.

[Teotzlcoatl]

Nicotiana rustica should definitely be up there.

Nicotiana tabcum is up there, I try to do just 1 species per genus, maybe I'll change that one to "spp." though.

Along with, Peganum harmala, Phalaris arundinacea, P. aquatica, Voacanga africana, Crocus sativus, Tribulus terrestris, and Leonotis nepetifolia.

I got Syrian Rue and another species of Leonotis.

Voacanga africana, Crocus sativus, Tribulus terrestris

I may consider, does Voacanga and Tribulus have any traditional usage?

Does Phalaris spp. have any traditional usage?

[Roopey]

Nicotiana tabcum is up there, I try to do just 1 species per genus, maybe I'll change that one to "spp." though.

That's rather silly, considering there are many plants that are quite different from each other even though their in the same genus. Rustica is a completely different plant than tobaccum, in preparation, looks, dosage and should be treated as such. Same with Lion's Tail and Lion's Ear, they have a different taste, a different effect, and are essentially different plants.

I may consider, does Voacanga and Tribulus have any traditional usage?

The bark and seeds of the tree (Voacanga) are used in Ghana as a poison, stimulant, aphrodisiac, and ceremonial psychedelic.

It seems Tribulus was used in Ayurvedic for a wide range of ailments and is known as Gokshura.

Does Phalaris spp. have any traditional usage?

I can't find anything suggesting traditional usage, but I did find this which states it might be a good analog for Ayahuasca, along with Tribulus terrestris (Harmine):

http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/ayahuasca/ayahuasca_info11.shtml

Edited October 2, 2011 by Roopey

[ErraneousHerbalist]

Very nice list you have there Teo! Thanks for the heads up on my post, this is going to be very ver useful!

[Teotzlcoatl]

Thanks, these are pretty much the "all-stars" of all the ethnobotanicals!

List updated!

[Roopey]

Oh, I forgot to mention Hyoscyamus niger, or Henbane. It definitely has traditional use and is psychoactive.

Also, getting into the poisonous things, Datura stramonium and Brugmansias.

Edited October 3, 2011 by Roopey

[Teotzlcoatl]

That's on my list of "Baneful Botanicals", look it up.

[Kee]

Teotz, I'm thinking i'm going to make this into an enormous database/spreadsheet. I'll post it when i'm done, how does that sound? ..

Thinking i'll make a local copy of each pages wiki (maybe some erowid ones if they're useful too), some legality information, growing info, actives/usage information

- any suggestions?

[Teotzlcoatl]

Sounds good to me, I'd love to see it when your done.

Anybody feel free to use this for whatever you want! Anti-copy-write!

[Teotzlcoatl]

Major update to my list! see the 1st post! Ethno vets please read over it and make sure you agree that all the plants are "safe and effective" and please tell me if anybody has anything to add!!!

read the 1st paragraph to see what kind of plants i want listed.

[Marcel]

Great list but what you got against T. bridgesii?

Phalaris spp. may not have traditional usage, but then again, does Argyreia nervosa?

I always learn of some new plants from your lists. Thanks!

[Teotzlcoatl]

Great list but what you got against T. bridgesii? <___base_url___>/uploads/emoticons/default_biggrin.png

I'm a cactus racist.

Phalaris spp. may not have traditional usage, but then again, does Argyreia nervosa?

Yup Argyreia does.

I always learn of some new plants from your lists. Thanks!

Your welcome!

[mud]

Honestly, the whole world has become psycoactive for me.

Majikal. It's all pretty rad.. 'ESSENCES'?

But here's a few to consider differently..

-I first met sour dock with lucy.

The plant was singing.. it seeds were brimming..

it's nature, flinging: all at me, some wonderful warm breeze

that spoke of essence, and healing and magickal ease.

Later, I became awed by its roots- and all things that grow in different layers and how. Especially tubers that resemble body parts.. its trippy, right?

-Mullein.. decongestant etc,

also known as withces torch- showed me different aspects of the land..

how and why water and plants move and grow where they do- and every twilight

they communicate a haunting kind of 'hallway', or door opening through aspects of our world. eg: spiders and bugs that come out at dusk, they surf the mullein from stalk to stalk..

Horehound- sedative, and visual potential.. reminds me of datura, where it really likes to grow, and does well..

-Wild carrot: (wild lettuce certainly has something over the commercial cultivars- why not other wild vegetables?)

I've juiced the leaves and thought my head was gonna unravel- the visual field broke down like a puzzle, and began to wobble and readjust..

maybe detox action? or toxins in the plant. dunno. Someone mentioned it might been hemlock(?) lol..

Our family have survived a variety snake, scorpion and spider bites over the generations.. so, i'm still not sure- but i doubt it was hemlock.haha.

I think all plants can be allies when we learn how to talk with them.

Many plants have secrets yet undiscovered..

Let us all be intuitive explorers!

Edited October 10, 2011 by mud

[Teotzlcoatl]

Dude you sound like a true visionary! I wish I was that "connected"!

[Teotzlcoatl]

I will update this list again soon!