Ethnobotanical Papers

[Alchemica]

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Ethnomedical field study in northern Peruvian Andes with particular reference to divination practices

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 85 (2003) 243–256

The results of a field study carried out in August and September 1988, in the northern Peruvian Andes are described. The area of investigation extends from Ayabaca City (about 2900m above sea level) to Haughtiness Lagunas (about 3800m above sea level) in the Ayabaca District, Department of Piura. This is the first time that this location has been the subject of an ethnobotanical investigation. We have collected 46 plant species, belonging

to 20 families, used in the treatment of various diseases. For each plant, we report the common/local names, the crude drug formulation, method of preparation, dosage and claimed toxicity. The disease concept of this Andean population concerning the "hot" and "cold" aspects of diseases and the plants to treat them, is also discussed. Very important appear to be the use and knowledge of psychoactive plants, in particular "cimoras," Brugmansia and Trichocereus species.

medicinal_plants_used_by_the_Andean_people_of_Canta__Lima__Peru.pdf

Pharmacopoeia in a shamanistic society: the Izoceño-Guaran´ı (Bolivian Chaco)

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 91 (2004) 189–208

We present the results of an ethnopharmacological research within a Bolivian lowland ethnic group from the dry Chaco, the izoceñoguaran´ı. Izoceño-guaran´ı people belong to the extended Chiriguano group. They are actually organised in independent communities, settled down in south-east Bolivia. Struggling very soon for their rights, landowners of their territory, izoceño-guaran´ı appear to be well organised and maintain a still vivid culture. Medicine is in the hands of Paye who are recognised as specialists in their own group. Ethnopharmacological research leads us to collect approximately over 306 species, 189 of them having medicinal uses. We present here an overview of the izoceño-guaran´I ethnomedicine and pharmacopoeia, based on vegetal and animal products.

Pharmacopoeia_in_a_shamanistic_society_Bolivian_Chaco.pdf

PHARMACOPOEIA OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN VENDA

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 12 (1984) 35-74

Many researchers in different parts of the world are actively involved in recording the available information on traditional medicine. To contribute to this vast task, we chose Venda, one of the more remote tribes in Southern Africa. We found traditional healing to be very much alive and functioning in this area. Within 2 years of research, we could tabulate 151 medicinal plants with their galenics. Many of the plants listed were frequently used by different healers to treat the same ailment which might substantiate their reliability. On the other hand, certain plants were employed for various indications. Moreover, although the toxic effects of some plants are not included in our list, they are encountered by the Western medical doctors. Therefore, the benefits of compiling such lists on medicinal uses of different plants are twofold. To gain from the positive aspects of the traditional medicine and to eradicate, if possible, the harmful effects of some plants used by the traditional healers. However, during our study, it became clear that the plants used were with some exceptions mainly found in the vicinity of the habitat of the healer or the herbalist. It would therefore be useless to compile a more general pharmacopoeia for the African traditional healing as many of the useful plants in one area cannot be found in another. Hence, a more specific pharmacopoeia for each area would be necessary.

Pharmacopoeia_of_traditional_medicine_in_Venda.pdf

Medicinal smokes

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 108 (2006) 161–184

All through time, humans have used smoke of medicinal plants to cure illness. To the best of our knowledge, the ethnopharmacological aspects of natural products' smoke for therapy and health care have not been studied. Mono- and multi-ingredient herbal and non-herbal remedies administered as smoke from 50 countries across the 5 continents are reviewed. Most of the 265 plant species of mono-ingredient remedies studied belong to Asteraceae (10.6%), followed by Solanaceae (10.2%), Fabaceae (9.8%) and Apiaceae (5.3%). The most frequent medical indications for medicinal smoke are pulmonary (23.5%), neurological (21.8%) and dermatological (8.1%). Other uses of smoke are not exactly medical but beneficial to health, and include smoke as a preservative or a repellent and the social use of smoke. The three main methods for administering smoke are inhalation, which accounts for 71.5% of the indications; smoke directed at a specific organ or body part, which accounts for 24.5%; ambient smoke (passive smoking), which makes up the remaining 4.0%. Whereas inhalation is typically used in the treatment of pulmonary and neurological disorders and directed smoke in localized situations, such as dermatological and genito-urinary disorders, ambient smoke is not directed at the body at all but used as an air purifier. The advantages of smoke-based remedies are rapid delivery to the brain, more efficient absorption by the body and lower costs of production. This review highlights the fact that not enough is known about medicinal smoke and that a lot of natural products have potential for use as medicine in the smoke form. Furthermore, this review argues in favor of medicinal smoke extended use in modern medicine as a form of drug delivery and as a promising source of new active natural ingredients.

Keywords: Ambient smoke; Ethnopharmacology; Health care; Medicinal smoke; Smoke directed at a specific organ; Smoke inhalation

medicinal_smokes.pdf

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116 (2008) 370–376

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The study of local knowledge about natural resources is becoming increasingly important in defining strategies and actions for conservation or recuperation of residual forests.

Aims of the study: This study therefore sought to collect information from local populations concerning the use of Nandi Forest medicinal plants; verify the sources of medicinal plants used and determine the relative importance of the species surveyed.

Materials and methods: Data was obtained using semi-structured forms to record the interviewee's personal information and topics related to the medicinal use of specific plants. A total of 40 medicinal plants used locally for the treatment and/or control of human ailments were collected through interviews conducted with selected traditional doctors and professional healers.

Results: This study demonstrated that local people tend to agree with each other in terms of the plants use and that leaf material form the major component of plant parts exploited. The other harvested materials consist of stem bark, the roots and the whole plant, though at a lower intensity for making liquid concoctions from different plants. Majority of the remedies were prepared from a single species. In most cases, the mode of administration was oral. In the forest, some of the plants collected were scarce. This scarcity was attributed to indiscriminate logging, overexploitation, poor harvesting methods and current agricultural trends.

Conclusion: Conservation procedures and creation of awareness were identified as the main remedies to the current situation.

An_ethnobotanical_study_of_medicinal_plants_used_by_the_Nandi_people_in_Kenya.pdf

 

Ethnopharmacological survey of traditional drugs sold in the Kingdom of Jordan

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 82 (2002) 131

The results of a survey of present-day traditional medicinal materials conducted in 1998/1999 in the Kingdom of Jordan are reported. The study covered selected markets of medicinal substances of ethnic communities throughout the kingdom, and also included questioning of the sellers about the healing characteristics of the various materials. The survey yielded information on many and varied medicinal substances, of which 304 are identified according to the following classifications: 236 species of plants (77.6%); 30 species of animals (9.8%); 29 kinds of inorganic substances (9.6%); and 9 materials of other or mixed origin (3%). Analysis of the data showed that some substances were of local origin (41.8%), but the majority of the substances (45.4%) were imported from other countries. 12.8% of the substances were both local and imported. These data demonstrate that there is still a flourishing and well-developed trade in these materials, a trade that is the remnant of a rich and ancient medical culture, which is disappearing from the modern world.Ethnopharmacological_survey_of_traditional_drugs_sold_in_the_Kingdom_of_Jordan.pdf

 

 

 

Traditional herbal drugs of Bulamogi, Uganda: plants, use and administration

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 88 (2003) 19–44

We present here an inventory of the medicinal plants of Bulamogi county in Uganda, including their medicinal use, preparation and administration modes. Fieldwork for this study was conducted between June 2000 and June 2001 using semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and participant observation as well as transect walks in wild herbal plant collection areas. We recorded 229 plant species belonging to 168 genera in 68 families with medicinal properties. A large proportion of these plants are herbaceous. The medicinal plants are mainly collected from the wild. Some species, such as Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce, are believed by the community to be threatened by unsustainable intensities of use and patterns of harvesting. Particularly vulnerable are said to be the woody or the slow growing species. Herbal medicines are prepared as decoctions, infusions, powders, or as ash, and are administered in a variety of ways. Other concoctions consist of juices and saps. The purported therapeutic claims await validation. Validation in our opinion can help to promote confidence among users of traditional medicine, and also to create opportunities for the marketing of herbal medicines and generate incomes for the community. The processing, packaging and storage of herbal medicines is substandard and require improvement.Traditional_herbal_drugs_of_Bulamogi__Uganda.pdf

 

 

 

Plants traditionally used in age related brain disorders—A survey of ethnobotanical literature

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113 (2007) 363–381

In traditional herbal medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat age related cognitive disorders. In this review we compiled available literature from four Swiss university libraries, scientific journals and online database query's on plants and remedies used in traditional medicinal systems for such diseases. Over 150 plant species in various preparations and mixtures were found. European herbals from the 16th and 17th century alongside traditional Chinese and Indian medicinal works were the most prolific sources. The information is organised into geographic regions and when available the findings are discussed in the light of more recent scientific findings concerning their secondary metabolites and in vitro and in vivo activities relevant to dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords: Ethnomedicine; Traditional medicine; Herbal remedies; Alzheimer's disease; Senile dementia

 

 

 

plants_for_age_related_brain_disorders.pdf

 

 

 

Cannabis tea revisited: A systematic evaluation of the cannabinoid composition of cannabis tea

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113 (2007) 85–90

Cannabis is one of the oldest known medicinal plants, and a large variety of biological activities have been described. The main constituents, the cannabinoids, are thought to be most important for these activities. Although smoking of cannabis is by far the most common way of consumption, a significant part of medicinal users consume it in the form of a tea. However, not much is known about the composition of cannabis tea, or the effect of different parameters during preparation, handling or storage. In this study we used the high-grade cannabis available in Dutch pharmacies to study the cannabinoid composition of tea under standardized and quantitative conditions. Experimental conditions were systematically varied in order to mimic the possible variations made by medicinal users. During analysis there was a specific focus on the cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol and its acidic precursor, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid. Also the role of non-psychoactive cannabinoids as components of cannabis tea are discussed. The results obtained in this study provide a clear quantitative insight in the phytochemistry of cannabis tea preparation and can contribute to a better appreciation of this mode of cannabis administration.

Keywords: Cannabis; Cannabinoids; Decoction; Medicinal use; Quantitative analysis

 

 

 

cannabis_tea.pdf

 

 

 

Bioactive Triterpenoids from Salvia Species

J. Nat. Prod. 2006, 69, 482-487

Salvia species are important medicinal and culinary plants, and they have been the subject of numerous chemical and biological studies. The bioactive triterpenoids of SalVia species, reported in the literature to date, are reviewed. About 200 triterpenoids, almost 80 of which are new, isolated, and characterized from about 100 SalVia species, are presented herein. In addition to the diverse biological activities of the pure triterpenoids, studies on biological activity of extracts of Salvia species are also described.

 

 

Bioactive_Triterpenoids_from_Salvia_Species.pdf

 

 

 

Inhibitory effects of kratom leaf extract (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) on the rat gastrointestinal tract

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116 (2008) 173–178

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is an indigenous plant of Thailand used traditionally in folk medicine although it is claimed to cause addiction. It is used to treat diarrhea, however, there is no scientific evidence to support the use. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of kratom leaves on the rat gastrointestinal tract. Kratom extract at 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) caused a dose dependent protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats and also inhibited intestinal transit. The antidiarrheal effect was not antagonized by naloxzone. The inhibition of intestinal transit by kratom extract was significantly different from the control when treated with a single dose for 1 day. For longer-term treatments of 15 and 30 days, kratom extract did not decrease the intestinal transit time indicating that adaptation had occurred. Kratom extract at a dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days and morphine at 3 mg/kg (i.p.) caused a decrease in the increment of body weight that was significantly different from the control and kratom extract at lower doses (50 and 100 mg/kg). However it had no effect on the level of plasma cholecystokinin. The results suggested that methanolic kratom extract exhibited its antidiarrheal effect on rat gastrointestinal tract. The effects may occur via pathways in addition to the action on opioid receptors. High does of kratom extract decreased the increment of body weight similar to the effect of morphine.

 

 

kratom_GI_tract.pdf

 

 

 

Medicinal plants of the caatinga (semi-arid) vegetation of NE Brazil - A quantitative approach

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 114 (2007) 325–354

The caatinga (semi-arid vegetation) is a Brazilian biome with a significant but poorly studied biodiversity closely associated with a diverse cultural heritage. The present work focused on analyzing published information available concerning medicinal plants used by traditional communities. We sought to contribute to future phytochemical and pharmacological investigations by documenting the therapeutic uses of native caatinga plants within the aims of modern ethnopharmacological research. Twenty-one published works cited a total of 389 plant species used by indigenous and rural communities in northeastern Brazil for medicinal purposes. The relative importance index (RI) of each species in these inventories was calculated, and information concerning the plant's local status (spontaneous or cultivated), distribution, and habit was recorded. Of the 275 spontaneous (non-cultivated) species cited, 15.3% were endemic to the caatinga. A statistical relationship was verified between the relative importance of the species and their endemic status (p < 0.05). Herbaceous plants were more numerous (169) than trees (90) or shrubs and sub-shrubs (130) at a statistically significant level (p < 0.05). A survey of published information on the phytochemical and pharmacological status of the plants demonstrating the highest RI supported the veracity of their attributed folk uses.

 

 

Medicinal_plants_of_the_caatinga__semi_arid__vegetation_of_NE_BrazilA_quantitative_approach.pdf

 

 

 

Evaluation of the analgesic effect of alkaloid extract of Peganum harmala L.: Possible mechanisms involved

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115 (2008) 449–454

The seeds of Peganum harmala L. (Pgh) (Zygophyllaceae) have been used in Moroccan traditional medicine for treatment of a various diseases and to relieve dolorous process. The major objective of this paper was to investigate the mechanism of the analgesia induced by alkaloid extract of Peganum harmala. In the present work, the antinociceptive action was assayed in several experimental models in mice: writhing, formalin, and hot plate tests. The alkaloid extract (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) and in a dose-dependent manner significantly reduced the nociception by acetic acid intraperitoneal injection (p < 0.001). In the formalin test, the extract also significantly reduced the painful stimulus in both phases of the test (p < 0.001). Treatment with the extract when given by (i.p. or i.c.v.) or with morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant increase of the reaction time in hot plate test. These result showed that the alkaloid extract of Pgh contains active analgesic principles acting both centrally and peripherally. Furthermore, this antinociceptive effect has been avoided by naloxone at a dose of 1 mg/kg in the first phase of formalin and hot plate tests indicating that this extract act partly through an opioid-mediated mechanism. In conclusion, the alkaloid extract of Peganum harmala seems to have both central and peripheral antinociceptive activities which may be mediated by opioid receptors.

 

 

 

harmala_analgesic.pdf

 

 

The ibogaine medical subculture

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115 (2008) 9–24

Aim of the study: Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive indole alkaloid that is used to treat substance-related disorders in a global medical subculture, and is of interest as an ethnopharmacological prototype for experimental investigation and possible rational pharmaceutical development. The subculture is also significant for risks due to the lack of clinical and pharmaceutical standards. This study describes the ibogaine medical subculture and presents quantitative data regarding treatment and the purpose for which individuals have taken ibogaine.

Materials and methods: All identified ibogaine "scenes" (defined as a provider in an associated setting) apart from the Bwiti religion in Africa were studied with intensive interviewing, review of the grey literature including the Internet, and the systematic collection of quantitative data.

Results: Analysis of ethnographic data yielded a typology of ibogaine scenes, "medical model", "lay provider/treatment guide", "activist/selfhelp", and "religious/spiritual". An estimated 3414 individuals had taken ibogaine as of February 2006, a fourfold increase relative to 5 years earlier, with 68% of the total having taken it for the treatment of a substance-related disorder, and 53% specifically for opioid withdrawal.

Conclusions: Opioid withdrawal is the most common reason for which individuals took ibogaine. The focus on opioid withdrawal in the ibogaine subculture distinguishes ibogaine from other agents commonly termed "psychedelics", and is consistent with experimental research and case series evidence indicating a significant pharmacologically mediated effect of ibogaine in opioid withdrawal.

Keywords: Ibogaine; Iboga alkaloid; Substance-related disorders; Opioid-related disorders; Substance withdrawal; Medical ethnography

 

ibogaine.pdf

 

 

 

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B (MAO- B ) by Chinese herbal medicines

Phytomedicine 10: 650–656, 2003

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines accompaned by the release of H2O2. Two subtypes, MAO-A and MAO-B, exist on the basis of their specificities to substrates and inhibitors. The regulation of MAO-B activity is important in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Twenty-seven species of plants used in traditional Chinese medicines, selected from an enthnobotanical survey, were used in an investigation of their inhibitory effect on MAO-B in rat brain homogenates. The 50% aqueous methanol extracts of four active extracts, Arisaema amurense, Lilium brownii var. colchesteri, Lycium chinense, and Uncaria rhynchophylla, exhibited the best activity and selectivity towards MAO-B with IC50 values of 0.44, 0.29, 0.40, and 0.03 mg/ml, respectively. A kinetic study of MAO-B inhibition by the four extracts using the Lineweaver-Burk plot for each active extract revealed the IC50 concentrations, and results show that: Ki = 0.59 mg/ml for A. amurense for the mixed-type mode, Ki = 0.58 mg/ml for L. brownii var. colchesteri for the mixed-type mode, Ki = 5.01 mg/ml for L. chinense for the uncompetitive mode, and Ki = 0.02 mg/ml for U. rhynchophylla for the uncompetitive mode. These may therefore be candidates for use in delaying the progressive degeneration caused by neurological diseases.

herbal_MAO_B_inhibitors.pdf

 

 

 

Developmental patterns of phenylpropylamino alkaloids accumulation in khat (Catha edulis, Forsk.)

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 114 (2007) 432–438

Khat (Catha edulis Forsk., Celastraceae) is a perennial shrub thatwas introduced to Israel byYemenite immigrants. Khat young leaves are chewed as a stimulant. The main stimulating active principles in this plant are the phenylpropylamino alkaloids (−)-cathinone [(S)--aminopropiophenone], (+)-cathine [(+)-norpseudoephedrine] and (−)-norephedrine. A novel GC–MS analysis method for the quantitative determination of phenylpropylamino alkaloids and their putative precursor 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione in khat leaves was developed. We found a marked diversity in the phenylpropylamino alkaloids content and composition in 9 different accessions originated in seedlings and in the commercial cultivar "Mahanaim". The highest 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione and (−)-cathinone levels occur in young leaves, the part traditionally chewed for its psycho-stimulating properties. Older leaves lack (−)-cathinone but contain the less active (+)-cathine and (−)-norephedrine. Young stems and flowers also contain 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, (−)-cathinone, (+)-cathine and (−)-norephedrine. We report the presence of a (−)-cathinone reductase in khat leaves capable of reducing (−)-cathinone to (+)-cathine in the presence of NADPH. We propose that (−)-cathinone is a biosynthetic precursor of (+)-cathine and (−)-norephedrine in khat leaves.

 

khat_alkaloid.pdf

Effect of Bacopa monniera on stress induced changes in plasma corticosterone and brain monoamines in rats

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111 (2007) 671–676

Bacopa monniera (BM) is well known for its neuropharmacological effects. Our previous studies indicated the adaptogenic effect of standardized extract ofBMin various stress models. In the present study, effect of BMwas evaluated on acute stress (AS) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) induced changes in plasma corticosterone and monoamines-noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in cortex and hippocampus regions of brain in rats. Panax root powder (Panax quinquefolium)was taken as standard. Subjecting animals to AS (immobilization for 150 min once only) and CUS (different stressors for 7 days) resulted in significant elevation in plasma corticosterone levels, which was significantly countered by treatment with BM at a dose of 40 and 80 mg/kg p.o. similar to the effects of Panax quinquefolium (PQ) at 100 mg/kg p.o. AS exposure significantly increased the levels of 5-HT and decreased NA content in both the brain regions while DA content was significantly increased in cortex and decreased in hippocampus regions. In CUS regimen, levels of NA, DA and 5-HT were significantly depleted in cortex and hippocampus regions of brain. Treatment with BM (40 and 80 mg/kg) attenuated the stress induced changes in levels of 5-HT and DA in cortex and hippocampus regions but was ineffective in normalizing the NA levels in AS model, whereas PQ treatment significantly reverted back the effects of stress. In CUS model, pretreatment with BM and PQ significantly elevated the levels of NA, DA and 5-HT levels in cortex and levels of NA and 5-HT in hippocampus regions. Hence, our study indicates that the adaptogenic activity of BM might be due to the normalization of stress induced alteration in plasma corticosterone and levels of monoamines like NA, 5-HT and DA in cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain, which are more vulnerable to stressful conditions analogous to the effects of PQ.

Effect_of_Bacopa_monniera_on_stress_induced_changes_in_plasma_corticosterone_and_brain_monoamines_in_rats.pdf

The Pharmacological Effects of Salvia species on the Central Nervous System

Phytother. Res. 20, 427–437 (2006)

Salvia is an important genus consisting of about 900 species in the family Lamiaceae. Some species of Salvia have been cultivated world wide for use in folk medicine and for culinary purposes. The dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, for example, has been used extensively for the treatment of coronary and cerebrovascular disease, sleep disorders, hepatitis, hepatocirrhosis, chronic renal failure, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, carbuncles and ulcers. S. officinalis, S. leriifolia, S. haematodes, S. triloba and S. divinorum are other species with important pharmacological effects. In this review, the pharmacological effects of Salvia species on the central nervous system will be reviewed. These include sedative and hypnotic, hallucinogenic, skeletal muscle relaxant, analgesic, memory enhancing, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective and antiparkinsonian activity, as well as the inhibition of ethanol and morphine withdrawal syndrome.

The_Pharmacological_Effects_of_Salvia_species.pdf

 

 

An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111 (2007) 63–81

This paper reports the results of an ethnobotanical survey on the uses of medicinal plants by inhabitants of two southern Ecuadorian provinces, namely, Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe. In this region, two surviving ethnic groups, the Saraguros and the Shuars, and the descendants of a now extinct culture, the Paltas, have been identified. The present study reports a total of 275 plant species, having 68 different therapeutical uses.

 

 

 

Traditional_herbal_drugs_of_Bulamogi__Uganda.pdf

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

An_ethnobotanical_study_of_medicinal_plants_used_by_the_Nandi_people_in_Kenya.pdf

medicinal_smokes.pdf

Pharmacopoeia_of_traditional_medicine_in_Venda.pdf

Pharmacopoeia_in_a_shamanistic_society_Bolivian_Chaco.pdf

medicinal_plants_used_by_the_Andean_people_of_Canta__Lima__Peru.pdf

Ethnopharmacological_survey_of_traditional_drugs_sold_in_the_Kingdom_of_Jordan.pdf

Traditional_herbal_drugs_of_Bulamogi__Uganda.pdf

plants_for_age_related_brain_disorders.pdf

cannabis_tea.pdf

Bioactive_Triterpenoids_from_Salvia_Species.pdf

harmala_analgesic.pdf

ibogaine.pdf

herbal_MAO_B_inhibitors.pdf

Medicinal_plants_of_the_caatinga__semi_arid__vegetation_of_NE_BrazilA_quantitative_approach.pdf

kratom_GI_tract.pdf

khat_alkaloid.pdf

Effect_of_Bacopa_monniera_on_stress_induced_changes_in_plasma_corticosterone_and_brain_monoamines_in_rats.pdf

The_Pharmacological_Effects_of_Salvia_species.pdf

Traditional_herbal_drugs_of_Bulamogi__Uganda.pdf

An_ethnobotanical_study_of_medicinal_plants_used_by_the_Nandi_people_in_Kenya.pdf

medicinal_smokes.pdf

Pharmacopoeia_of_traditional_medicine_in_Venda.pdf

Pharmacopoeia_in_a_shamanistic_society_Bolivian_Chaco.pdf

medicinal_plants_used_by_the_Andean_people_of_Canta__Lima__Peru.pdf

Ethnopharmacological_survey_of_traditional_drugs_sold_in_the_Kingdom_of_Jordan.pdf

Traditional_herbal_drugs_of_Bulamogi__Uganda.pdf

plants_for_age_related_brain_disorders.pdf

cannabis_tea.pdf

Bioactive_Triterpenoids_from_Salvia_Species.pdf

harmala_analgesic.pdf

ibogaine.pdf

herbal_MAO_B_inhibitors.pdf

Medicinal_plants_of_the_caatinga__semi_arid__vegetation_of_NE_BrazilA_quantitative_approach.pdf

kratom_GI_tract.pdf

khat_alkaloid.pdf

Effect_of_Bacopa_monniera_on_stress_induced_changes_in_plasma_corticosterone_and_brain_monoamines_in_rats.pdf

The_Pharmacological_Effects_of_Salvia_species.pdf

Traditional_herbal_drugs_of_Bulamogi__Uganda.pdf

Edited October 3, 2009 by Alchemica

[kadakuda]

very good, thanks. some other places you may look are scribd. they have some more.

right now i am paying $5 per article of ones i cannot find from a student in the states....so if you are a student or know a student, use that valuable resource that is Inter library exchange!!!!

Edited October 2, 2009 by kadakuda

[faustus]

right now i am paying $5 per article of ones i cannot find from a student in the states....

you're fucking joking, right?

[Neoshaman]

very good, thanks. some other places you may look are scribd. they have some more.

ahh the joys of still being at uni - free access to every article you could ever want , although if they ever looked at the database usage on my account i guess it will look funny studying a masters of tax but all the articles i download are plant or chemistry based oh well free acess is free access

[kadakuda]

your not joking man, save all you can while you can.....

faustus....not joking at all....the price you pay for not being a part of higher education...although it still works out cheaper than tuition

[tripsis]

Nice collection of papers, thanks.

Being at uni is good, but the access to journals is not unlimited. Only what your uni subscribes to can you access...unless you're postgrad and have reason to request it.

[planter]

nice

that one on cannabis tea was particularly intriguing........

[Alchemica]

Plants with possible anxiolytic action indicated by three Brazilian cultures (Indians, Afro-descendants and river-dwellers). In: Atta-ur-Rahman (Ed.) Studies in Natural Product Chemistry. Elsevier Science B.V., vol. 35: 549-595, 2008.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/so_cap_12.pdf

Plants with possible action on the central nervous system used by a quilombola group in Brazil. Phytotherapy Research 18: 748-753, 2004.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/negros_ptr.pdf

Ritual use of plants with possible action on the central Nervous System by the Krahô Indians, Brazil. Phytotherapy Research 19(2): 129-135, 2005.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/indios_ptr.pdf

Treatment of drug dependence with Brazilian herbal medicines. Jornal Brasileiro de Farmacognosia 16(Supl.): 690-5, 2006.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/dependencia_rfbgnosia.pdf

Use of South American plants for treatment of Neuropsychiatric disorders. International Psychiatry 3(3): 19-21, 2006.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/southamerican_plants.pdf

Plants with possible psychoactive actions used by the Krahô Indians, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 28(4): 277-82, 2006.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/kraho_psicoativas_rpb.pdf

Plants indicated by Brazilian Indians to Central Nervous System disturbances: A chemical approach. Current Medicinal Chemistry – Central Nervous System Agents 6: 211-244, 2006.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/revisao_indios_cnsa.pdf

Ethnopharmacology in the Jaú National Park (JNP), state of Amazonas, Brazil. Phytotherapy Research 20(5): 378-391, 2006

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/caboclos_ptr.pdf

Brazilian plants with possible action on the Central Nervous System – a study of historical sources from the 16th – 19th century. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 109: 338-47, 2007.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/literatura_antiga_jep.pdf

Plants of restricted use indicated by three cultures in Brazil (caboclo-river dweller, Indian and Quilombola). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111: 295-302, 2007.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/restricoes_de_uso_jep.pdf

Preliminary investigation of the central nervous system effects of 'Tira-capeta' (Removing the Devil), a cigarette used by some Quilombolas living in Pantanal Wetlands of Brazil. Phytotherapy Research 22(9): 1248-1255, 2008.

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/2008_rodrigues_phyto.pdf

(3rd Link edited)

Edited October 20, 2009 by Alchemica

[t st tantra]

thanx for the above ,good find.

the third link seems incorrect,identical with link 4,which seems right?

t s t .

[t st tantra]

nearly finished downloading them all.......found the last one very interesting in particular.

it mentions smoking peteveria leaves,one of my current plant interests.

it also refers to further research but i cant locate the index page for these articles.could you post the link please?

thanx again......

t s t .

[Alchemica]

 

http://www.cee.unifesp.br/publicacoes.htm (or the main page at http://www.cee.unifesp.br/ ) but the above ones are the only ones I can see in English.

Edited October 20, 2009 by Alchemica