kadakuda Posted August 23, 2012 Been picking ganoderma a lot an dgearing up to grow it on a asmall commercial scale. the last couple years have had me reading, but it seems the last 2 and now are big turning points in Ganoderma taxonomy. Any other people interested in the topic? One thing i am interested in finding out is a way to ID them without a lab. Here in Taiwan a couple species are said to overlap as far as morphology goes. I am looking mostly to culture wild types and farm them on logs at a farm. when land is signed for we will be building amushroom house for bags, may try them in bags as well, but for now the cheap and easy way of preparing fresh logs beats out expensive equipment for sterilization of bags. Here are some pics of one of the types i find here. Growing from Acacia root (dead) and up through a small bunch of Alpinia. Hvae found numerous reishi here growing from teh ground (burried dead roots) and making hte typical farmed style with a stem. This tree was covered with fabric to try and improve moisture, and it did. problem is they grow through it, not around it and these are just left to spread spores as its riddled with plastic and unusable. more from Acaia trees. here are some Related things people may find interesting (im using this post to also keep a record of the titles as i lose thigns easily) _____________________________________ Species clarification of the prize medicinal Ganoderma mushroom “Lingzhi” by Yun Cao, Sheng-Hua Wu, Yu-Cheng Dai Abstract “Lingzhi” is a mushroom that has been renowned in China for more than 2,000 years because of its claimed medicinal properties plus its symbolic fortune. “Lingzhi” has high economic value mostly as a dietary supplement in the modern market especially in East Asia, and its medicinal functions have become a hot study topic. For over a century, the highly prized medicinal fungus, known as “Lingzhi” in East Asia, has been assigned to Ganoderma lucidum, a species originally described from Europe. Molecular studies in recent years have revealed that the commercially cultivated ‘G. lucidum’ (“Lingzhi”) in East Asia is a different species from the true G. lucidum. The present study aims to clarify the species identity of “Lingzhi” based on morphological studies and analysis of rDNA nuc-ITS sequences, and additional gene fragments of mt-SSU, RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1-α of “Lingzhi” were provided. All Ganoderma species that mostly resemble “Lingzhi” in phylogeny and /or morphology were included for analysis. We propose a new species G. lingzhi for “Lingzhi”, which has an East Asia distribution. The most striking characteristics which differentiate G. lingzhi from G. lucidum are the presence of melanoid bands in the context, a yellow pore surface and thick dissepiments (80–120 μm) at maturity. G. curtisii is most closely related to G. lingzhi in phylogeny and is from North America. Ganoderma flexipes, G. multipileum, G. sichuanense, G. tropicum and ‘G. tsugae’, are also closely related with G. lingzhi and are reported from China. These species are compared and discussed. ‘Ganoderma tsuage’ reported from China is determined as conspecific with G. lucidum, hence the distribution of G. lucidum extends from Europe to northeastern China. Ganoderma — Lingzhi by Prof.em.Dr.Dr.h.c.mult. Hildebert Wagner, Prof. Dr. Rudolf Bauer, Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Dieter, Melchart, Prof. Pei-Gen Xiao, Dipl.Kfm. Anton Staudinger Abstract Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense can be easily identified by TLC and HPLC based on the characteristic features of triterpenoid and the presence of ergosterol which is a characteristic constituent of many mushrooms. A discrimination of G. lucidum and G. sinense is only possible by a macro- and microscopic analysis. The Species Identity of the Widely Cultivated Ganoderma, ‘G. lucidum’ (Ling-zhi), in China by Wang, Xin-Cun Abstract Ling-zhi, a widely cultivated fungus in China, has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine. Although the name ‘Ganoderma lucidum’, a species originally described from England, has been applied to the fungus, their identities are not the same. This study aims to clarify the identity of this medicinally and economically important fungus. Specimens of Ling-zhi from China (field collections and cultivated basidiomata of the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’), G. lucidum from UK and other related Ganoderma species, were examined both morphologically and molecularly. High variability of basidioma morphology was found in the cultivated specimens of the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’, while some microscopic characters were more or less consistent, i.e. short clavate cutis elements, Bovista-type ligative hyphae and strongly echinulate basidiospores. These characters were also found in the holotype of G. sichuanense, a species originally described from Sichuan, China, and in recent collections made in the type locality of the species, which matched the diagnostic characters in the prologue. For comparison, specimens of closely related species, G. lucidum, G. multipileum, G. resinaceum, G. tropicum and G. weberianum, were also examined. DNA sequences were obtained from field collections, cultivated basidiomata and living strains of the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’, specimens from the type locality of G. sichuanense, and specimens of the closely related species studied. Three-gene combined analyses (ITS+IGS+rpb2) were performed and the results indicated that the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’ shared almost identical sequences with G. sichuanense. Based on both morphological and molecular data, the identity of the Chinese ‘G. lucidum’ (Ling-zhi) is considered conspecific with G. sichuanense. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided in addition to discussion of nomenclature implications. Fingerprint analysis of Lingzhi (Ganoderma) strains by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with chemometric methods by Xian-Min Shi,Jing-Song Zhang,Qing-Jiu Tang,Yan Yang,Rui-Xia Hao,Ying-Jie Pan Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based system has been developed for generating chemical fingerprints of Lingzhi (Ganoderma). Data were evaluated statistically using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) in order to classify the samples and to identify key categorizing parameters. Fifteen representative Lingzhi strains (13 Ganoderma lucidum strains and one strain each of G. sinense and G. resinaceum), were separated into three groups using HCA at a rescaled distance of 10, thereby confirming divisions based on morphological characteristics. Furthermore, the 13 G. lucidum strains were separated into three groups at a rescaled distance of 5, which was consistent with previous results based on antagonism tests. Two types of discriminant functions were generated using six selected predictor variables. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the feasibility and advantages of employing chromatographic fingerprinting, combined with HCA and DA, for the accurate identification and validation of feedstock strains used in the production of Lingzhi-based health foods and supplements. Applied modern biotechnology for cultivation of Ganoderma and development of their products by Xuan-Wei Zhou,Kai-Qi Su,Yong-Ming Zhang Abstract A white-rot basidiomycete Ganoderma spp. has long been used as a medicinal mushroom in Asia, and it has an array of pharmacological properties for immunomodulatory activity. There have been many reports about the bioactive components and their pharmacological properties. In order to analyze the current status of Ganoderma products, the detailed process of cultivation of Ganoderma spp. and development of their products are restated in this review article. These include the breeding, cultivating, extracting bioactive component, and processing Ganoderma products, etc. This article will expand people’s common knowledge on Ganoderma, and provide a beneficial reference for research and industrial production. Enhancement of mycelial growth and polysaccharide production in Ganoderma lucidum (the Chinese medicinal fungus, `Lingzhi') by the addition of ethanol byHai-long Yang, Tian-xiang Wu, Ke-chang Zhang Abstract Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol, at 1.5% (v/v), enhanced the growth and polysaccharide production of Ganoderma lucidum. Ethanol was the most effective at 1.5% (v/v) for increasing the biomass production, however, the maximal polysaccharide concentration was produced with 2% (v/v) ethanol in the medium. There was no new polysaccharide component produced by the addition of ethanol. Some others: Bazzalo ME, Wright JE (1982) Survey of the Argentine species of the Ganoderma lucidum complex. Mycotaxon 16:295–325 Hibbett DS, Donoghue MJ (1995) Progress toward a phylogenetic classification of the Polyporaceae through parsimony analysis of mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Can J Bot 73:S853–S861 Hseu RS, Wang HH, Wang HF (1996) Differentiation and grouping of the Ganoderma lucidum complex by random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR compared with grouping on the basis of internal transcribed spacer sequences. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:1354–1363 Qi JJ, Ma RC, Chen XD (2003) Analysis of genetic variation in Ganoderma lucidum after space flight. Adv Space Res 31:1617–1622 Cultivation Tang YJ, Zhong JJ (2002a) Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and related enzyme activities of the medicinal fungus, Ganoderma lucidum, grown on lactose in a bioreactor. Biotechnol. Lett. 24: 1023–1026. Yang FC, Liau CB (1998) The influence of environmental conditions on polysaccharide formation by Ganoderma lucidum in submerged cultures. Proc. Biochem. 33: 547–553. Medicinal Chen RY, Yu DQ (2001) Chemical components of Lingzhi species. In: Lin ZB (ed) Modern research of Lingzhi. Beijing Medical University Press, pp 158–172 Ding P, Zhang DY, Xu HH (2001) Determination of ganoderic acid B in different parts of Ganoderma lucidum. J Chin Tradit Herbal Drugs 32:310–312 Kohda H, Tokumoto W, Sakamoto K, Fuji M, Hirai Y, Yamasaki K, Komoda Y, Nakamura H, Ishihara S, Uchida M, The biologically active constituents of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. Histamine release-inhibitory triterpenes, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33, 1367–1374 (1985) Koyama K, Imaizumi T, Akiba M, Kinoshita K, Takahashi K, Suzuki A, Yano S, Horie S, Watanabe K, Naoi Y, Antinociciptive Components of Ganoderma lucidum, Planta Medica 63, 224–227 (1997) Min BS, Nakamura N, Miyashiro H, Bae KW, Hattori M, Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46, 1607–1612 (1998) Min BS, Gao JJ, Nakamura N, Hattori M (2000) Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against meth-A and LLC tumor cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 481026-1033 Mizuno T, Wang G, Zhang J, Kawagishi H, Nishitoba T, Li J (1995) Reishi, Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma tsugae: bioactive substances and medicinal effects. Food Rev. Intl. 11: 151–166. Huang SM, Yang XL, Wang BW, Zhu HS, Xu J, Antitumor activity of ethanol-soluble and acidic components from Ganoderma lucidum, Nat. Prod. Res. Dev. 16, 146–148 (2004) Wang XM, Yang M, Guan SH, Liu RX, Xia JM, Bi KS, Guo DA, Quantitative determination of six major triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum and related species by high performance liquid chromatography, J. of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 41, 838–844 (2006) 1 Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
BentoSpawn Posted August 23, 2012 Perhaps not letting the fabric sit directly on the wood would help, leave some room between the tree and the fabric so the mushrooms grow in between the two and not though your fabric. This would require more fabric per tree to achieve but you would be getting the desired results. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
kadakuda Posted August 23, 2012 good idea, but inds/rains would move it constantly. this is why i am going with logs in dirt under hoops i think. I liked how some would even grow through living plants and leaves while the plants kept living. the mushroom didnt seme to eat them either. check out this puppy hxxp://www.flickr.com/photos/nmnstw/5728869141/galleries/ Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
LokStok Posted August 23, 2012 (edited) I love this mushroom! They seem to be more like animals than fungi when you grow them. Strange, almost sentient. thanks for the extra info & links. *edit. Wow, just checked that picture! What a monster. I saw a really big multiple-antlered one in a herbalist shop in Cheng Du in china, but pales in comparison with this beast. Edited August 23, 2012 by LokStok Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
kadakuda Posted August 23, 2012 i like antlers too, but they are not as good, at least unless we are talking about decoration biggest i have found is the one above, about 30-40cm wide. that massive one on flikr is just amazing and probably beyond exensive! Thats something the west should probably try and catch up on, the absolutely massive market for assumed good quality. people pay huge money if it meets their criteria of quality. i have yet to figure out their logic myself though. Anyone have thoughts on G. lucidum adn G. multipileum differneces? Here both can be singular or multibranched apperantly. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
