mindperformer

One of the conclusions of the last study was that Zornia diphylla is non toxic And Zornia diphylla seems to have a much common feature with Zornia latifolia, because the JStor-info from Kew Gardens about the use of Zornia latifolia in Westafrica covers with the other studies about Zornia diphylla because both are used as laxative and also in both, alkaloids are present.

I understand ...and looked on the climate maps, so there are drier, cooler winters in WA I didn't know that the rainfall is steadily declining, this could be a problem for new growth

*g* I absolutely agree, I also use Canna for most plants ...the BioCanna-series But, because of the reasons I mentioned, it does not replace a good soil medium

I see, didn't know exactly, as you have many species in Oz which need the butenolide-smoke compounds

Very interesting studies, Stillman. For anti-cancer action I would combine it with Murdannia loriformis- herb (very promising in some kinds of cancer) and Reishi (also has anti-tumor effects and works synergistic with most adaptogenic herbs) I've tried many methods for plant cultivation, but what I omitted was aeroponics and hydroponics. Although there are good results, and apart from the fact that its non-natural, I think the complete biochemistry of the plants might be different in aeroponics / hydroponics. Soil-ground is very complex and not only the medium for the culture. In good soil there are some organic acids (fulvic-, humic-, possibly citric- and other acids) which act as ion-exchanger, there are nitrifying bacteria and mycorrhiza-fungi. There are also many trace elements like manganese and zinc (also important: the S:N ratio and more), amino acids (the common and Zeatin) and possibly Triacontanol in organic compost and soil- additives like rock flours. Many of this factors are not necessary if you simply want high yield with some plants, but lets compare the hydroponical and non-organic grown high-output tomatoes (in EU most often from spain of the netherlands) with some grown on natural compost garden soil... The second taste much better (although they are smaller and have a shorter durability) because they could develop their full spectrum of aroma-components, flavonoids, amino acids and so on... I don't think there is real organic aeroponic / hydroponic growing out there, the (part insoluble) organic compounds, bacteria and humins would clog the pumps of the system

I didn't use boiling water, but 70°C, although I think most acacias will survive boiling for a very short time somebody tried soaking them in smoke-water (imitates bush fire)?

you can also rasp the seed with a file or sandpaper, soak it in water for 24 hours and sow it in sandy soil mix with good drainage but I've also tried the nail-clipper method, which also works perfect

I see, I didn't know that a Sida- raw-extraction is illegal in Oz, ...in Vienna this extracts are sold in Ayurveda- shops because in India it is a common herbal medicine AND: Pseudoephedrine is in one of the most common otc-medicines: "Aspirin Complex" from Bayer here is an example of such an international sold ayurvedic preparation (most of the Sida- products are skin-oils): http://www.esutras.c...a-Capsules.html one might argument that there are many ephedrine-containing products sold in the internet, but generally only the pure products are controlled when ordered in great quantities but why buy it? Sida- and Ephedra- species grows everywere like weed- even in Switzerland there is Ephedra So I'm completely free of anxiety, as I don't want to make a pure extraction and convert it to something else... a simple alcohol-rawextract contains all the soluble healthy bioactive compounds from the plant (like vasicine) and is NOT comparable to the pure otc-products. Medicinal properties of Bala (Sida Cordifolia): This plant normalizes Vata and pitta. Hence it is used in diseases which are caused due to vitiation of vata and pitta. Bala has anti inflammatory properties. Its preparations are used as external applications in swelling of wounds and inflammation of eyes. Oilsprepared using this herb are very useful in arthritis and other diseases which affect joints. These oils help to reduce pain and inflammation. Bala normalizes vata and sooths excited nerves. For this reason the oil prepared using this herb is used to massage patients who suffer from paralysis, cervical spondylosis, facial paralysis etc. Sida Cordifolia controls motility of large intestine. It helps to absorb waterand nutrients from intestines. Hence its preparations are widely used in Grahani or Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). This herb is a very good cardiac tonic and reduces petechial hemorrhage. Ayurveda acharyas recommend use of this plant in these conditions. Bala is known for its “shukrala” properties. Shukrala means increasingshukra dhatu. Because of this property, bala is used in ayurvedic preparations which increase sperm count and sperm motility. It helps toincrease quality and quantity of semen. This herb is mainly used in male and female infertility. Texts of ayurveda praise the herb Bala as Vrishya (aphrodisiac). Hence this herb is used in conditions like erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. The herbal preparations which are used in Female infertility contain this herb as main ingredient as it acts as a very good uterine tonic. The diuretic properties of this herb help in cystitis and it rejuvenates urinary system. Bala is a very good rasayana herb. Hence it is widely used in convalescing patients as it supplies essential nutrients. It helps to build a healthy body and strengthens body immune system. This herb is used in African folk medicine to treat various conditions like bronchitis, asthma, nasal congestion, stomatitis etc. by the way such an extraction could also happen at random... for example by accidentally spilled vodka (over a bin full of Sida, after clearing the weeds ouf of the garden, and drinking meanwhile) and forget the bin outside, find it again when the vodka vaporized and wow, there is something brown gooey left on the bottom of the bin, additional to the leaves... of course we would NOT eat anything of it, but throw it away...

thanks Pat! do you think it is also possible to break down the pectin- encapsulations with alcohol-extraction of the finely grinded material (at room temperature for 2-3 weeks) and afterwards water-extraction at high temperature? recently I made a pectin-extraction from wild apples ...maybe we should develop a Sida-beer with yeast

Here we see that the Heimia salicifolia- seed looks quite different than the Heimia myrtifolia- seed: http://econ.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/index.php?page=browse&family=Lythraceae〈=de

I growed the related Sida rhombifolia and used the roots, herb and seeds as stimulant, worked well

this are parts the very small flower of Gotu Kola (Hydrocotyle asiatica syn. Centella a.)- 24-fold: The herb has similar actions as Bacopa monnieri http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centella_asiatica

this is a leaf from the Thai-plant Murdannia loriformis, which acts antioxidant, immune stimulating, liver tonic, analgesic, against chronic bronchitis, detoxifying and has strong tumor inhibiting properties, for which it is mainly used. The herb is very expensive, but plants are obtainable cheaply and it can be easily grown. ...its a paragon for the beauty of the stomata

a lemon myrtle- leaf (Backhousia citriodora) 24-fold: the smell is often described as antidepressant

the Withanolides accumulate even more in the leaves: http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/22822528 in another study I've read that the young leaves contain more you can use 98% Ethanol (spirit of wine) to extract the Withaferin A from dried, powdered leaf

wow, impressive plants I can't say much about the culture, because I have only grown some in small pots

cute guys! ...but maybe you should not feed them too much, because they also eat potential plant pests like fungus gnats, but spurn them when they are full with houseflies ;-)

maybe they grow a bit faster in the climate of WA? Do you know whats the main characteristics of the climate in its habitat? The climate in WA is subtropical with similar rainfall to the middle east coast right?

yes it grows invasive- even in pots when the many seeds fall off, I like the Kerosene smell with the fruity notes

For a long time no real natural CB1-cannabinoid-agonists were known except of the ones in Cannabis, then came exotic substances like 2-Sciadonoylglycerol from the seeds of Sciadopitys verticillata. This is a analog of the endogene 2-AG but has only a tenth to 1/20 of its action, so its not usable. The Echinacea- and Spilanthes- Alkylamides, noni-juice, pinen-derivatives, Tabernanthine and beta-Caryophyllene only act on the CB2-receptor in the immune system and not on the CB1. In a liverwort from New Zealand there was found Perrottetinene which has a very similar structure to THC, but it is thought to be an inhibitor of the receptor. Also Capsaicin, Falcarinol, Cinnamaldehyde, Voacamine and Voacangin-derivatives are inhibitors, and as such not usable for THC-like effects. Beta-Asarone is a allosteric modulator of the receptor, Thujone and Grenadamide are only very weak agonists. So it was a long way to find natural substances which act on the CB1-cannabinoid-receptor and now there came studies which described the occurence of them in well known plants. But: be aware of deducing psychoactive effects only from neurological findings of a plant with unknown psychological action. The neurological interrelationships are extremely complex and there are always new findings. They can only be used as a hint. In the following cases of plants, their actions are also well known, so there could be seen some coherences: First of all there is a study on Kanna (Sceletium tortuosum), which describes an action on CB1-cannabinoid-receptors of the alkaloid-extract. Its not the Mesembrine but other alkaloids responsible for this action and mainly from the nonfermented material. Additional to the SSRI-action, PDE4-inhibiting now there you can see a CB1-cannabinoid- activating and Acetylcholinesterase- inhibiting effect. It should be half as potent as THC. I wrote books about Kratom and Kanna, so this is of great interest to me. Also others and I could observe a potentiating effect on Cannabis from Kanna. They don't describe the Ki. The study: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/17%20(02)%202010/IFRJ-2010-349-355_Alfi_Netherlands_(S)[1].pdf (you may copy the complete link) Kava (Piper methysticum) was also tested positive for CB1-cannabinoid- action. Yangonin was the main active kavalactone with a K(i)= 0.72 μM on the CB1-receptor. THC is 15-times as strong but if one consumed a great dose of kava there must be some cannabinoid action additional to the others. The studies: http://sciencealerts...ml#.UEnAdbLN_k8 http://members.iif.h...resentation.pdf Then there is green tea (Camellia sinensis), which is also CB1-cannabinoid because of its catechins (3 of them). They found that EGCG (Epigallocatechin gallate) has a Ki of 33,6μM on the CB1-receptor, so it is much weaker than Yangonin, but it is also possible to drink a great amount of greentea... The study: http://www.missclass...a/cannaboid.pdf This one is for science: In a marine sponge Dasychalina fragilis from Papua New Guinea they found Haplosamate A, which was tested positive for cannabinoid action: http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/19175306 The cannabinoid-like action of Lion's tail (Leonotis leonurus) isn't yet explained by action on CB1-receptors but Leonurine could be an Adenosine-reuptake-inhibitor (structurally very similar to Dilazep) or an action on the vanilloid-receptor (structurally similar to Capsaicin). Leonurine could in general produce cannabis-like effects (Auwarter, 2009).

wow- this is a big one- for a 2 year old

nice seedlings! I think they will start making phyllodes after this two pinnate twigs

yes, I also can't stand the taste, so I always took it in capsules another thing, Stillman, you wrote "Epazote Gardener" ;-)... the taste of this spice is also assessed ambivalent, I like it to mexican dishes but I also use it often against pests grind the fresh leaves and put them in water for 2-3 days, filtrate and spray it on the plants, very effective- especially with anise

I wouldn't take too much Tonka beans because they contain a high percentage of Cumarin, which is not only slight sedative but also a blood thinner and also in rat poison But: small doses of Cumarins are harmless, as they are in many plants, including Justicia sp. (in Epená- snuff), cinnamon and woodruff (Galium odoratum), which is made into "Maibowle" here in Austria I use Tonka beans as spice, especially for desserts like stracciatella cream

very interesting country, as it is the link between North- and Southamerican flora, since the continents collided I would go to the Darién, it is a rainforest in the east which makes the gap of the Panamericana Also I would vitis the Kuna Yala and Embera- medicine man and to Finca Luz: http://boquetepanama...forestfarm.com/ Although not psychoactive, there are a few plants which ONLY occur on Panama or the region: Attalea iguadummat, Capparis panamensis, Ceratozamia euryphyllidia, Hampea micrantha, Lacmellea panamensis, Magnolia panamensis, Meriania panamensis, Mollinedia darienensis, Piper darienense, Vitis tiliifolia, Zamia cunaria, Zamia pseudoparasitica, Zamia skinneri, Anthopteropsis sp., Anthurium pseudospectabile, Atelopus certus, Calyptrogyne costatifrons, Cavendishia megabracteata, Clusia loranthacea, Coccoloba manzinellensis, Codonanthe luteola, Desmotes incomparibilis, Eschweilera amplexifolia, Faramea luteovirens, Freziera forerorum, Gustavia fosteri, Gustavia superba, Heliconia magnifica, Horichia dressleri, Maxillaria scalariformis, Oerstedella pseudoschumanniana, Panamanthus panamensis, Psychotria syn. Cephaelis elata, Sobralia callosa, Terminalia amazonica, Tetragastris panamensis, Vismia jefensis, Weinmannia pinnata, Philodendron annulatum (very beautiful) and others ...some species only occur on some island in the channel Additional to the endemic flora there are ten thousands of plants from North- and Southamerica I didn't search all this plants for medicinal and/or psychoactive purposes, so there could be some interesting among those The psychoactive Stictocardia tiliifolia also occurs in Panama Ambrosia peruviana is used against colics, headache and stomach pain Anacardium occidentale is used against diarrhoea Petiveria alliacea has many uses (including weak hallucinogenic), also in the Amazon, in my experience it smells like burned peanuts Mikania sp. (Guaco) also have diverse uses in Panama, as has Ortiga (Jatropha urens)