Neurologic action of Lagochilus inebrians and Lactucarium

[mindperformer]

Lagochilus inebrians (intoxicating mint):

The diterpene-alcohol Lagochiline was found to be an antagonist at metabotropic glutamate receptors:

http://stimuluswatch...hoactive-plants

this action was also observed at Lithium and nootropics

the mGlu-5- receptor was shown to play a role in cocaine addiction.

mGlu-Rs also play a role in the sedative action of alcohol and some ligands have analgesic action.

Lactuca virosa (letuce):

Inhibits NEP enkephalinase and therefore enhances the endorphine- levels which leads to analgesic and anti-opiate-withdrawal effects. (FUNKE et al 2002):

http://www.wildlettucehq.com/ (halfway through on the site you can see the study on the NEP- inhibition)

Additional it works as a Adenosine receptor agonist and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (nootropic).

Edited September 28, 2012 by mindperformer

[mindperformer]

Lagochilus inebrians:


the seed, 24-fold enlarged:



Lactuca virosa:

Edited April 9, 2013 by mindperformer

[mindperformer]

The intoxicating mint, phonetic: Zaytsegub opyanyayuschiy / Z. ploskokolyuchiy

A few years ago there were other species sold as Lagochilus inebrians, first there was Lagochilus cabulicus from Dr. Minas in Armenia:

He later changed the name of his herb
an analysis of cabulicus:
https://www.thieme-c.../s-0031-1282567

Then there was Salvia tianshanica sold as Lagochilus inebrians (as plant from Ruehlemanns, now he took it out of his assortment):



There are also other interesting sedative Lagochilus- species in Central Asia: http://books.google....hemical&f=false

Lagochilus platyacanthus (Zaytsegub ploskokolyuchiy), http://www.plantariu...e/id/91242.html
Lagochilus gypsaceus (Zayach'ya guba gipsovaya) and
Lagochilus platycalyx (Zaytsegub ploskochashechnyy, Zayach'ya guba shirokochashechnaya) http://www.tienshan....ycalyx1_750.jpg

Lagochilus platyacanthus occurs in Kyrgyzstan, not in Uzbekistan, Lagochilus gypsaceus occurs in Uzbekistan, not in Kyrgyzstan, Lagochilus platycalyx occurs in both countries.
They are also hemostatic, sedative and hypotensive. An infusion promoted blood coagulation and posessed antibacterial activity. There was also found Lagochilin (in L. gypsaceus even 1,98%), Stachydrine, Flavonoids and Coumarins as actives.

Edited April 9, 2013 by mindperformer

[mindperformer]

maybe some Lagochilus- species are even more potent, like Erythroxylum laetevirens, which contains 10 times more cocaine than E. coca

[Zen Peddler]

Fascinating post. Lactuca virosa as a pain killer soon wears off but the adenosine and acetylcholinesterase inhibition effects I have personally confirmed.

Would love to see some work on Zornia species...

[mindperformer]

interesting, especially the adenosine- effects:

Beneficial at opiate withdrawal: A1-Agonists (the A1- receptors are also activated during opiate action and adenosine is released) and A2A-Antagonists.

A2A- receptors weaken the activity of dopamine D2- receptors! There is a close correlation between mu- and delta- opioid- and adenosine-receptors. The Serotonin- release is also stimulated.

A1 and A2A- receptors regulate the dopamine- and glutamate release and mediate a sedative effect!

A1- receptors stabilize magnesium on the NMDA- receptor.

Adenosine- Receptors: A₁, A_2A, A_2B, A₃

Endogene Ligandes: Adenosine

Psychoactive used Substances:

Agonisten: Valepotriates, Paeoniflorin (special activation of the receptor), Tubotaiwine, Apparicine, Polygala tenuifolia- constituents

(A_2A-agonistic), Incarvillateine (Receptor- subtype unknown.), Leonurine, Lactucin, 4'-O-ß-D-Glucosyl-9-O- (6"-

desoxysaccharosyl)-olivil (A₁-agonist from valerian), Cordycepin (A₃-selektive), Galangin (in the mM-area on all three receptors,

a Flavonol in Alpinia galanga & officinalis), Genisteine (A₁-agonistic), N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)adenosine (A_2A- R., from Gastrodia elata

and sedative),

Agonist- binding amplifier: Adenoregulin (in Phyllomedusa bicolor- and P. sauvagii- skinsecretion),

Partial Agonists: 1-Hydroxypinoresinol,

Antagonists: Caffeine (competitive on A_2A-R.), Theobromine, Cannabidiol (A_2A-R.), Hispidol (A₁, Ki 350 nM), Luteolin (A₁),

Inverse Agonists: Isovaltrate (am A1-R., from valerian),

Adenosine- (bzw.Equilibrative nucleoside-)transporter: ENT_1-4

(Adenosine reuptake)

Endogene Ligands: Adenosine

Psychoactive used substances:

Inhibitors: Benzodiazepines, Ethanol, Inosine (like also Adenosine in Cordyceps sin.), Papaverine,

Progesterone, tricyclic antidepressants, Cannabidiol, N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-adenosine

(A_2A- R., from Gastrodia elata and sedative),

Edited November 16, 2012 by mindperformer

[mindperformer]

To analysis of the Zornia- species:

http://jpronline.info/index.php/jpr/article/view/14250

http://119.82.96.198:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/5105

http://plants.jstor.org/upwta/3_796

http://119.82.96.198:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5105/1/Rajesh%20K%20P.pdf