waterboy 2.0

All the nicotine alkaloids can be converted via nitrosation to form TSNAs (there's quite a few with different conversion mechanisms, and more being identified) Nornicotine can form N-nitrosnornicotine (NNN), burley types typically produce more nornicotine... But it's part of the picture. Nicotine and oxidized forms can covert to NNK. NNN and NNK are the most studied, and identified top tier carcinogens. Agricultural (esp excess fertilizer) and curing practices have a huge influence on TSNA conversion.... The worst came with modern flue curing, and bulk modern burley barn curing but I'll leave that alone. The convertor strains are burley types (selected from current varieties) which are barn air cured, not flue cured. It's one reduction technique to fit industrial production.

@Alchemica Covers a bit on North American groups and the different species they used, and a bit into lore, and cultivation methods. Can scan bits if of interest. Edit- this book sent me down a rabbit hole chasing early production farming info and guidebooks

"laughing" Trolling dumb fuck

Europe's heatwave has brought a savage summer as climate change slashes the odds of more like it ANALYSIS THE CONVERSATION BY ANDREW KING AND BEN HENLEYUPDATED ABOUT AN HOUR AGO Email Facebook Twitter WhatsApp PHOTO The sun rises at Cullercoats Bay on England's north east coast on Thursday, as the UK prepares to sizzle through a 35 degree day. AP: OWEN HUMPHREYS In Australia we know about sweltering summer heat. We all remember the images of burned koala paws, collapsing tennis playersand, far more seriously, the tragic events of Black Saturday. Aussies may scoff at Britain's idea of a heatwave, but this time it's the real deal and it's no laughing matter. Extreme heat has hit locations throughout the Northern Hemisphere, in places as far apart as Montreal, Glasgow, Tokyo and Lapland. In the past few weeks heat records have been broken in a wide range of places, most notably: a new record high temperature for Africa of 51.3℃ in Algeria a record high temperature in Japan of 41.1℃ near Tokyo a world record hottest overnight minimum of 42.6℃ in Oman. Heat has not been the only problem. Much of northern Europe is experiencing a very persistent drought, with little to no measurable rainfall in months. This has caused the normally lush green fields of England and other European countries to turn brown and even reveal previously hidden archaeological monuments.There have also been major wildfires in northern England, Sweden and, most recently and devastatingly, Greece. The Greek wildfires came off the back of a very dry winter and spring. Be prepared for the heat Heatwaves kill far more people than other natural disasters. ABC Emergency has a checklist of things you can do to be ready. What's behind the extreme heat? The jet stream, a high-altitude band of air that pushes weather systems around at lower altitudes, has been weaker than normal. It has also been positioned unusually far to the north, particularly over Europe. This has kept the low-pressure systems that often drive wind and rain over northern Europe at bay. The jet stream has remained locked in roughly the same position over the Atlantic Ocean and northern Europe for the past couple of months. This has meant that the same weather types have remained over the same locations most of the time. Weather is typically more transient than it has been recently. Even when we do have blocking high-pressure systems associated with high temperatures in northern Europe, they don't normally linger as long as this. Is it driven by climate change? Although climatologists have made great strides in recent years in the field of event attribution — identifying the human climate fingerprint on particular extreme weather events — it is hard to quantify the role of climate change in an event that is still unfolding. Until the final numbers are in we won't be able to tell just how much climate change has altered the likelihood or intensity of these particular heat extremes. Having said that, we can use past analyses of extreme heat events, together with future climate change projections, to infer whether climate change is playing a role in these events. 'Science can't provide moral energy' Hear on Science Friction why Mike Hulme thinks only the human imagination will help us now when it comes to the climate. We also know that increasing numbers of hot temperature recordsare being set, and that the increased probability of hot temperature records can indeed be attributed to the human influence on the climate. In Europe especially, there is already a large body of literature that has looked at the role of human-caused climate change in heat extremes. In fact, the very first event attribution study, led by Peter Stott from the UK Met Office, found that human-caused climate change had at least doubled the likelihood of the infamous European heatwave of 2003. For all manner of heat extremes in Europe and elsewhere, including in Japan, a clear and discernible link with climate change has been made. Research has also shown that heat extremes similar to those witnessed over the past month or two are expected to become more common as global temperatures continue to climb. The world has so far had around 1℃ of global warming above pre-industrial levels, but at the global warming limits proposed in the Paris climate agreement, hot summers like that of 2003 in central Europe would be a common occurrence. At 2℃ of global warming, the higher of the two Paris targets, 2003-like hot summers would very likely happen in most years. Similarly, we know that heat exposureand heat-induced deaths in Europe will increase with global warming, even if we can limit this warming to the levels agreed in Paris. Haven't summers always been hot? For most parts of the world summers have got warmer, and the hottest summer on record is relatively recent — such as 2003 in parts of central Europe and 2010 in much of eastern Europe. One exception is central England, where the hottest summer remains 1976, although it may be challenged this year. While extreme hot summers and heatwaves did happen in the past, they were less common. One big difference as far as England is concerned is that its extreme 1976 heatwave was a global outlier, whereas this year's isn't. In 1976 north-western Europe had higher temperature anomalies than almost anywhere else on the globe. In June 2018 the same region was unusually warm, but so was most of the rest of the Northern Hemisphere. So while the persistent weather patterns are driving much of the extreme heat we're seeing across the Northern Hemisphere, we know that human-caused climate change is nudging the temperatures up and increasing the odds of new heat extremes. Andrew King is ARC DECRA fellow and Ben Henley is research fellow in Climate and Water Resources at the University of Melbourne. This article originally appeared on The Conversation. http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-27/europe-heatwave-and-climate-change/10040604

Fwiw I use to blend Alata somewhere in a 5 to 10 % range, (edit - when I was smoking baccy) better burn for sure and I didn't mind the flavour it imparted. Crap on its own no matter how dried and cured... Lol... Could never get a fix out of it. I've got a book on "natural native tobaccos" from a small press outfit in the states. I'll put the title up when I drag it off the shelf, may be of interest. Alata has a real presence at night in the garden....

All you've established in this thread is your an argumentative, self-opinionated trolling bitch. You do come out with some funny ironic shit, because there's no science nor logic from your quarter. No doubt you get the same traction at home.... Where they build walls for fear of the sea... With good reason.

(on hold) The Boy reminded me today helping repot some stuff I'm supposed to be scaling back cacti. Actually I think he's eyeing off real estate in the ghouse....which I'll foster....lol...has claimed dirt for spring start. Eileen bit over 30cm $30+post PM me up if keen.

Da Fuck I miss this..... Excellent info It's hard to be on top of your game when ya feel in shit. Sometimes your gotta go with it and at other times grasp it and say Fuck it and take it back.....no matter how Rinse and repeat. Keep the fire burning....

I can't right now as I'm really low and lost a heap I neglected. But I can once I dedicate some time to building up a heap of plants again

@bardo Lol... That was to escape the Lego Marvel super heroes game

fluff... School holiday project shaping up nicely, will need to cut him some longer bark to weatherproof it all sweet, and sneak some mud into the top... but he's done alright so far. I'll dig him out a fire hole for cooking and make a decent fire lay for heat today while he is off with some buddies today

@bardo Didn't see this prior, If you dont get sorted mate theres 3 or 4 plants in this pot, previously sheep pruned a few times ... Lol. I was gonna divide it up, but it's on the wheneva I get to it list. Could also get a few fresh dried off cuttings up for post cost covered as well

Winter Kanna experiment on some old material drying out, looks and smells right... Will see how it ends up. Tried a few tricks and fermentation time was similar to warmer months.

Air dry, in sun. Bags are great for a few cones. Bulk can be done under corrugated iron on a tray. Beware cockatoos.... They'll bust open the cones if they've developed the taste. Check up on the species, many need stratification and some benefit from scarification. With patience you can raise a forest no probs. An extra 48hr soak in water prior to sowing, at around 10 degrees speeds up and gives a more consistent germination of radiata pine,if that's your species.

Sweet habitat photos in that paper Lok

Was feeling masochistic so went further afield ... Through the eucs and up into the snow line, really went to shit after this... Lol.. No making the target site today, had a gutfull of stomping in snow.

PMd ya WB

Lovely newspaper advertisement.... Look out for Satan's phone towers. You've been MOFO'd

The Crosses upset some sensitive types this year... Edit - will note the petition about them came outta Brisbane.....

You'll be OK with cacti seeds, to be on the level they need to be clean and labelled,and not in Kg bulk (other requirements). Make sure any seeds are not prohibited(there's a few bits of legislation applicable) . All opuntia sp, except for O. Ficus-indica are now recently declared weeds as example datura is also declared. Lophs and Trichs are legal for now... Peres is about, I've recently moved a heap of cacti to some in the South but there may be some more Lophs being released. Free free to PM me also, but it may take me a bit to get back to it though

You get the point