Alchemica

I've just finished my first 150g of Peuraria lobata 40% isoflavone extract and while I personally didn't notice any beneficial effects on reducing alcohol intake (just attempting to get the most from my kJ's), I'd like to know if others have found it useful? I was taking ~500mg to 1g, up to twice daily but that might be too much. One thing I noticed (not sure that it can be directly attributed to the kudzu) is that I seem to have hangovers of greater intensity (normally I don't have them) if using a high dose. Please add anything you wish to say. One retailer for kudzu is Koda Phytorium. If you would like the supplier of the 40% isoflavone extract, PM me. The only supplements I can so far personally recommend, having noticed some benefit related to alcohol consumption, are N-acetyl-L-cysteine, silymarin/Milk thistle extract, acetyl-L-carnitine, alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin C (mainly aimed at preventing side-effects, NAC is however promising as an anti-addiction therapy, too). Please list any others if you like. "Kudzu treatment resulted in significant reduction in the number of beers consumed that was paralleled by an increase in the number of sips and the time to consume each beer and a decrease in the volume of each sip. These changes occurred in the absence of a significant effect on the urge to drink alcohol. There were no reported side effects of kudzu treatment." [Link] " Alcohol resulted in a dose-related alteration in subjective measures of intoxication, impairment of stance stability, and vigilance/reaction time. Kudzu extract did not alter participants’ subjective responses to the alcohol challenge or to alcohol’s effects on stance stability or vigilance/reaction time. However, individuals treated with kudzu extract experienced a slightly more rapid rise in plasma ethanol levels, but only after the 0.7 g/kg dose. This transient effect during the first 30 minutes of the ascending plasma alcohol curve lasted only 10–15 minutes; there were no differences in peak plasma alcohol levels or alcohol elimination kinetics. Additionally, kudzu pretreatment enhanced the effects of the 0.7 g/kg dose of alcohol on heart rate and skin temperature.These data suggest that individuals who drink alcohol while being treated with kudzu extract experience no adverse consequences, and furthermore the reported reductions in alcohol intake after kudzu extract treatment are not related to an alteration in alcohol’s subjective or psychomotor effects." [Link] [Commentary] "Kudzu and its extracts and flowers have been used in traditional Chinese folk medicine to treat alcoholism for about 1,000 years. Kudzu contains daidzin, an anti-drinking substance. Daidzin inhibits human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH-2), which metabolizes alcohol into acetaldehyde. Inhibiting ALDH-2 promotes the accumulation of acetaldehyde, which has aversive effects. A recent test of a synthetic ALDH-2 inhibitor (CVT-10216) on rodents shows that it reduces drinking and prevents relapse by increasing acetaldehyde while drinking and later decreasing dopamine in the brain region that controls relapse during abstinence." [Link] "Studies have shown that kudzu can reduce both hangovers and alcohol cravings. The mechanism for this is not yet established, but it may have to do with both alcohol metabolism and the reward circuits in the brain. Kudzu also contains a number of useful isoflavones, including daidzein (an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent), daidzin (a cancer preventive) and genistein (an antileukemic agent). Kudzu is a unique source of the isoflavone, puerarin. Kudzu root compounds can affect neurotransmitters (including serotonin, GABA, and glutamate) and it has shown value in treating migraine and cluster headache. In traditional Chinese medicine, kudzu was used for tinnitus, vertigo, and Wei syndrome (superficial heat close to the surface)." [Wikipedia] Constituents: The active constituents of kudzu include daidzin, daidzein, puerarin, genistin, genistein, tectorigenin, glycitin, tectoridin, 6"-O-xylosyltectoridin, 6"-O-xyloglycitin, biochanin A, and spinasterol. Two oleanane-type triterpene saponins named pedunsaponins B2 and C3 were isolated from the roots of Pueraria peduncularis.55 Their structures were determined to be 3-O-(6-O-methyl)-beta-glucuronopyranosyl-3beta,15alpha-dihydroxyolean-12-en-16-one (2), and 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-glucuronopyranosyl-3beta,15alpha-dihydroxyoleana-12-en-16-one (3). Alcohol effects: The isoflavones daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A isolated from kudzu root have shown to be potent reversible human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzyme inhibitors in vitro. The isoflavones produced a competitive inhibition of gamma(g)2-g2-ADH-isoenzyme with respect to ethanol and an uncompetitive inhibition of gamma(g)2-g2-ADH-isoenzyme with respect to NAD+. The most potent inhibitor was genistein with an effective concentration of 0.1micromole. Although flavones such as apigenin, kaempferol, 7-hydroxyflavone, and galangin also demonstrated ADH-inhibiting activity, the effects were more pronounced with isoflavones. No effects were seen in B1B1-ADH isoenzymes and B2B2-ADH isoenzymes when concentrations up to 20micromoles were used. The isoflavones in kudzu root extract may suppress alcohol intake and alcohol withdrawal symptoms in animals, although the mechanism is unclear. Kudzu may decrease peak blood alcohol levels due to delayed gastric emptying, exposing alcohol to a longer time for first-pass metabolism in the stomach. Slowed gastric emptying may prolong the effects of alcohol. Kudzu may contribute to alleviating the adverse effects of ethanol ingestion by enhancing the lipid metabolism as well as the hepatic antioxidant defense system. Kudzu may also have an appetite suppressant effect for alcohol. The flowers of kudzu exhibit protective effects against ethanol-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells by inhibiting the expression of a protease, caspase-3 that is responsible for proteolytic cleavage of many proteins. More... [source] Other potentially useful supplements, a small selection I've stumbled on: Chrysin Modulates Ethanol Metabolism in Wistar Rats: A Promising Role against Organ Toxicities. The protective effect of quercetin on long-term alcohol consumption-induced oxidative stress. Osthole improves alcohol-induced fatty liver in mice by reduction of hepatic oxidative stress Combined natural product extract for reducing alcohol related fatty liver Berberine protects C57BL/6J mice against ethanol withdrawal-induced hyperexcitability Evaluation of the Anxiolytic Activity of NR-ANX-C (a Polyherbal Formulation) in Ethanol Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety Behavior in Rats Cyanidin-3-glucoside ameliorates ethanol neurotoxicity in the developing brain.

One input of one member, thanks: "I've been using this herb on and off for ages now. When I'm really serious about stopping alcohol for a bit, it really works. I found the root extracts slow and useless, so i moved onto the flower - i decoct for about 20 mins about 3 heaped dessertspoons full for about 1.5 cups. this decoction can be done twice, yeilding 3 cups all up. It seems good for hangovers too but i've never really used it for that. The only other things I've tried that come close to helping is zopiclone, lysergides (lsa/lsd/cabergoline) and good old shrooms."

As much as it gets me into sh*t for admitting it... could people please stop populating the Earth, if they have the ability to realise that not everyone wanted to be conceived. I didn't ask to be born and have struggled for my whole life to want to have been born. Seriously. Not blaming anyone who has made the choice to have a family at all, I just hope you have considered that it is more than your choice whether you should procreate. It is much more the child's choice about whether they wanted to be born, or if the conditions were suitable for such and guaranteeing a life worth living. Don't bother flaming me for my opinion, I've already tuned out to anyone who knocks my input.

Mine is the structure of the foot and mouth virus. Insight into a devastating virus: the scattering of X-rays when passed through a crystal of the foot-and-mouth virus creates a pattern on a photographic plate that can be analysed by a computer to produce this colourful representation of the virus's three-dimensional structure. Enough said.

While I can buy household bleach or caustic soda etc., I trust that Australians have enough sense to decide what should, and should not, be directly ingested or aimed at being for ingestion, at their own choice (without otherwise harming others). I won't keep taking up this thread with my opinions, I'll step out of the discussion now. Schedule 6 poison regulations should allow for plenty of regulation for general harmful substances I also agree that cumulative or dangerous environmental poisons like mercury , thallium salts or arsenic etc. should be S7 Regulations under other poisons acts should be sufficient to control harmful radioactive sources and other extreme risks.

...if you want your own stash, go for it. Otherwise, collect americium fire detectors or radon gas off your stone walls or something else productive. Or you should be able to buy it from some Australian mine source if you pay enough.

I think we have to get anything not intended for consumption, on the condition they don't aim to harm others, legalised. I have absolutely no issue with any product, whether that be sodium hydroxide or JWH/synthetic hazardous material/cannabis etc marketed for non-consumption, etc. It is purely the end-users choice how they use it.

Normally http://hisz.rsoe.hu/...tmap/index2.php is pretty good from what I can work out (anyone got a better service?). I'd hope they would know soon enough if something was happening but who knows? I guess you could email them with any concerns and see what happens. Anyway, surely there would be more attempts at inducing paranoia in the US by others if there was any (even a highly questionable) opportunity to do so. Have they sold out of KI tablets yet?

Might be worth watching? "Michael Mosley reveals the risky psychological experiments, unorthodox treatments and cutting edge neuroscience that have marked our attempts to understand and manipulate the brain. In the first programme of this fascinating series, Michael traces how scientists set out to understand our emotions. He follows the shocking story of John B Watson's experiments on a five-month-old baby, and psychologist Harry Harlow’s horrific experiments on baby monkeys. Michael delves into the dark history of mind control in the second episode, revealing the theories and techniques that have been developed to invade another’s thoughts, alter their memory and even their belief systems. He finds out about the CIA project that aimed to control people’s minds, the 1950s sensory deprivation experiments that could ‘break a person in 24 hours’ and how modern day science is making us question our very notion of free will. In the final episode, Michael explores the treatments that have claimed to cure the sick brain - electric shock therapy, psycho-surgery and psycho-pharmacology. He takes a look at the discovery of anti-psychotic wonder drug chlorpromazine and watches a patient have half their brain removed to cure a rare form of epilepsy. Throughout the series Michael exposes the extraordinary and scarcely believable experiments that have taken place, all in the name of science. He subjects himself to some revealing tests and witnesses cutting edge investigations that are challenging the way we think about ourselves." Link

Gone.

Not sure about any other details, apparently grows to 0.6-1m - extremely aromatic, one small leaf can be almost overpowering. Pleasing to smell. To me, the odour seems to change slightly at different times of the year, sometimes slightly richer in terpenic? notes, other times much cleaner. I don't have the best nose these days but it's worth growing, as far as I'm concerned. I'll have to look into the dwarf version.

PLEASE HELP, SASHA NEEDS YOUR SUPPORT Hello Everyone ~ This morning on the way to the hospital for a scheduled test, Sasha had a stroke. He has been struggling for six months with an ulcer on his left foot that won’t heal, hoping to avoid amputation. Sasha & Ann have been in serious financial trouble for some years, and the coming medical bills will be a burden they can’t bear alone. Please, express your gratitude for all the work that Sasha has done, for everything he has given to the world, and give something back. Think of all the ways that your life, and the lives of others, have been healed, transformed, and bettered by this wonderful man. He needs your help now. No amount is too small or too large. Please give until it feels good...not until it hurts. For non-tax-deductible contributions, Paypal $ to [[email protected]] or snailmail: Sasha Shulgin, c/o Transform Press, PO Box 13675, Berkeley CA 94712. For tax-deductible online donations to support the completion of Shulgin publishing projects that are underway: http://www.erowid.org/donations/project_shulgin.php Please spread this information. Thank you and all my love, Greg Manning via http://www.facebook.com/sashaShulgin

Nothing was said regarding personal experiences in a similar thread unfortunately. You might be interested in the review article link if you haven't seen it.

I'm cautious about entering the "debate" (as far as I'm concerned, it's irrelevant if it's happening or not, we can't keep living the way we are...) but I'm curious... can anyone point me to credible evidence to dispute/confirm the following: EDIT: Looks like it might be questionable

I hope the question about a spellcheck wasn't some form of humour that slid past me... Use full editor, uppermost right button with a ABC[tick] symbol. Think you have to install it.

Sorry to butt in but I assume these abstracts are relevant to your question, T: Banisteriopsis caapi, a unique combination of MAO inhibitory and antioxidative constituents for the activities relevant to neurodegenerative disorders and Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder mostly effecting the elder population of the world. Currently there is no definitive treatment or cure for this disease. Therefore, in this study the composition and constituents of the aqueous extract of Banisteriopsis caapi for monoamine oxidases (MAO) inhibitory and antioxidant activities were assessed, which are relevant to the prevention of neurological disorders, including Parkinsonism. The aqueous extract of Banisteriopsis caapi stems was standardized and then fractionated using reversed-phase (RP) chromatography. Pure compounds were isolated either by reversed-phase (RP) chromatography or centrifugal preparative TLC, using a Chromatotron ® . Structure elucidation was carried out by 1D and 2D NMR, Mass, IR and Circular Dichroism spectroscopy and chemical derivatization. Chemical profiling of the extract was carried out with RP-HPLC. The inhibitory activity of MAO-A, MAO-B, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and catechol- O -methyl transferase enzymes, as well as antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of both Banisteriopsis caapi extract and isolated compounds was evaluated. An examination of the aqueous extracts of Banisteriopsis caapi cultivar Da Vine yielded two new alkaloidal glycosides, named banistenoside A ( 1 ) and banistenoside B ( 2 ), containing "azepino[1,2-a]tetrahydro- β -carboline" unique carbon framework. One additional new natural tetrahydronorharmine ( 4 ), four known β -carbolines harmol ( 3 ), tetrahydroharmine ( 5 ), harmaline ( 6 ) and harmine ( 7 ), two known proanthocyanidines (−)-epicatechin ( 8 ) and (−)-procyanidin B2 ( 9 ), and a new disaccharide β - d -fructofuranosyl-(2 → 5)-fructopyranose ( 14 ) together with known sacharose ( 15 ) and β - d -glucose ( 16 ) were also isolated. In addition, the acetates of 1 , 2 , 8 , 9 , 14 and 15 (compounds 10 13 , 17 , 18 ) were also prepared. Harmaline ( 6 ) and harmine ( 7 ) showed potent in vitro inhibitory activity against recombinant human brain monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B enzymes (IC 50 2.5 and 2.0 nM, and 25 and 20 μM, respectively), and (−)-epicatechin ( 8 ) and (−)-procyanidin B2 ( 9 ) showed potent antioxidant and moderate MAO-B inhibitory activities (IC 50 < 0.13 and 0.57 μg/mL, and 65 and 35 μM). HPLC analysis revealed that most of the dominant chemical and bioactive markers ( 1 , 2 , 5 , 7 9 ) were present in high concentrations in dried bark of large branch. Analysis of regular/commercial Banisteriopsis caapi dried stems showed a similar qualitative HPLC pattern, but relatively low content of dominant markers 1 , 2 , 7 , and 9 , which led to decreased MAO inhibitory and antioxidant potency. Collectively, these results give additional basis to the existing claim of Banisteriopsis caapi stem extract for the treatment of Parkinsonism, including other neurodegenerative disorders. Composition, standardization and chemical profiling of Banisteriopsis caapi, a plant for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders relevant to Parkinson's disease Banisteriopsis caapi , a woody vine from the Amazonian basin, is popularly known as an ingredient of a sacred drink ayahuasca, widely used throughout the Amazon as a medicinal tea for healing and spiritual exploration. The usefulness of Banisteriopsis caapi has been established for alleviating symptoms of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease. Primary objective of this study was to develop the process for preparing standardized extracts of Banisteriopsis caapi to achieve high potency for inhibition of human monoamine oxidases (MAO) and antioxidant properties. The aqueous extracts prepared from different parts of the plant collected from different geographical locations and seasons were analyzed by HPLC for principal bioactive markers. The extracts were simultaneously tested in vitro for inhibition of human MAOs and antioxidant activity for analysis of correlation between phytochemical composition of the extracts and bioactivities. Reversed-phase HPLC with photodiode array detection was employed to profile the alkaloidal and non-alkaloidal components of the aqueous extract of Banisteriopsis caapi . The Banisteriopsis caapi extracts and standardized compositions were tested in vitro for inhibition of recombinant preparations of human MAO-A and MAO-B. In vitro cell-based assays were employed for evaluation of antioxidant property and mammalian cell cytotoxicity of these preparations. Among the different aerial parts, leaves, stems/large branches and stem bark of Banisteriopsis caapi , HPLC analysis revealed that most of the dominant chemical and bioactive markers (1, 2, 5, 79) were present in high concentrations in dried bark of large branch. A library of HPLC chromatograms has also been generated as a tool for fingerprinting and authentication of the studied Banisteriopsis caapi species. The correlation between potency of MAO inhibition and antioxidant activity with the content of the main active constituents of the aqueous Banisteriopsis caapi extracts and standardized compositions was established. Phytochemical analysis of regular/commercial Banisteriopsis caapi dried stems, obtained from different sources, showed a similar qualitative HPLC profile, but relatively low content of dominant markers 1, 2, 7, and 9, which led to decreased MAO inhibitory and antioxidant potency compared to Banisteriopsis caapi Da Vine. The ethnopharmacological use of bark of matured stem/large branch of Banisteriopsis caapi as well as whole matured stem is supported by the results obtained in this investigation. Among various constituents of Banisteriopsis caapi , harmine (7), harmaline (6) and tetrahydroharmine (5) are responsible for MAO-A inhibition, while two major proanthocyanidines, epicatechin (8) and procyanidine B2 (9) produce antioxidant effects. The compounds 19 can serve as reliable markers for identification and standardization of Banisteriopsis caapi aerial parts, collected in different seasons and/or from different geographical regions.

Plants are potentially a good option but consider high-dose fish oil (preferably not flaxseed oil). 10mL of molecularly distilled (prevent trace Hg) fish oil or concentrate, maybe twice daily. Generally considered safe during breastfeeding - likely beneficial for the child - but talk to your GP before you start if you can. It'll take a little while to work, so be patient.

Is that a mouth ulcer... gastric [low B12/folate could be the cause of ulcers, too]? Sublingual methylcobalamin works, or transdermal patch/intranasal (compounding pharmacist). Still better to go for a B12 shot though [bottom/thigh] - nice and revitalising. As for the cannabis, I'd like to see a THC-free high CBD (maybe low CBN) version... Something for those who don't enjoy cannabis normally (or are somewhat neurotic like me). EDIT: Social isolation causes behavioural/neurochemical changes pertinent to schizophrenia, in rodents. I'd say the inability of humans to form/establish rewarding and stable social relations and a sense of belonging would be a extreme risk factor, too. More so than acute cannabis exposure.

Another example - 6/7 samples did not contain the claimed substance: Note: Australian laws are significantly different to the UK Buying 'Legal Highs' from the Internet Is a Risky Business Many drugs sold as 'legal highs' on the internet do not contain the ingredients they claim. Some instead contain controlled substances and are illegal to sell over the internet. These are findings of Dr. Mark Baron, who bought a range of tablets from different websites to see what each contained. The study is published today in the journal Drug Testing and Analysis. "It is clear that consumers are buying products that they think contain specific substances, but that in reality the labels are unreliable indicators of the actual contents," says Dr. Baron, who works in the School of Natural and Applied Sciences at the University of Lincoln, UK. Baron says that buyers need to be aware that they have no idea what they will be taking and that some of the products could contain illegal substances. "The product name cannot be used as an indication of what it contains as there is variation in the content of the same product name between different internet sites," says Baron. Recently there has been an explosion in the number of substances deemed 'legal highs' that can be found readily available on the internet . The UK and other governments have acted to control these products however, manufacturers and suppliers seem to be one step ahead as they attempt to offer new products outside of the restrictions of the current legislation. Baron set out to determine the drug content of such products. Purchasing them was easy; numerous online legal-high retailers market a broad variety of products advertised as research chemicals, bath salts, or plant food although clearly marketed toward the recreational drug user . "No guidelines exist as to what is sold and in what purity and consumers are led to believe that purchased goods are entirely legal," says Baron. With just a few clicks Baron bought MDAI, 5-IAI, Benzo Fury and NRG-3 from www.benzofury.me.uk and two MDA-labelled samples from www.VIPlegals.com and www.wide-mouth-frog.com. Six out of seven products did not contain the advertised active ingredient more disturbingly five samples contained the controlled substances benzylpiperazine and 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine combined with caffeine. "These findings show that the legal high market is providing a route to supply banned substances," says Baron. He hopes that this work will help consumers become more aware of the dangers of purchasing products from the internet. At the same time, legislators need to think fast. "As legislation deals with the current crop of products we can expect to see new products appearing that try to find a route of supplying previously banned substances," says Baron. An analysis of legal highsdo they contain what it says on the tin?

The real question is, "can we extract any good sh*t from their excrement?". Fermented fruits... alcohol... recreational toxins? Getting pissed hasn't been cutting it for me lately, maybe I need to move onto lorikeet's piss... What are these birds getting inebriated off... and where can I score some?

Looking for anyone who might be able to sell some dried or fresh plant material. If you can help out, send me a PM. Links to Australian retailers who might sell it would also be appreciated. Thanks.

Should have posted a reminder earlier but anyway... plant sale on this weekend: Australian Native Plant Sale The next sale is on the weekend of Sat 14th May and Sun 15th May 2011. It is at the Adelaide Showgrounds, Wayville - follow the signs from the Rose Terrace entrance. Click here for a list of the plants expected to be available at the next sale (pdf, 64kb). This list may change over time, and should become more accurate as we approach the dates of the sale.

Synthetic cannabis drug test US researchers have developed a new urine test for detecting and quantifying some of the metabolites associated with synthetic cannabis. The test could help authorities better control these banned designer drugs, and assist in public health monitoring programs and clinical testing. In 2009, JWH compounds - so-called after their creator John W Huffman, who developed them for experimental purposes in 1995 - were found in herbal mixtures like 'Spice' and 'K2'. Until recently, these mixtures were legally sold as incense, but smoked to achieve a cannabis-like high. Two of these synthetic cannabinoids in particular, JWH-018 and JWH-073, are widely used in herbal mixtures that reportedly offer highs stronger than marijuana. Synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073 were included in now-banned products like Spice Owing to the unknown health risks of these substances, many countries have since banned them, including the UK. In March this year, the US imposed a temporary ban until the health risks are better understood. One area of investigation is to develop ways to detect the metabolites of the compounds in humans, which do not show up under conventional cannabis drug tests. Now, Jeffery Moran at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, with Arkansas state government bodies and Caymen Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, has developed a rapid method that can simultaneously quantify JWH-018 and JWH-073 metabolites in excreted urine. There are other recently developed tests, however, including services offered by Redwood Toxicology Laboratory. But Moran points out that these are not publicly available, whereas the new test is, making it easier for other labs to adopt. 'This is important for laboratories and other clients that may have a limited budget and can't afford contract services through the private sector,' say Moran. The test uses standard liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques to separate, analyse and identify the metabolites in urine samples. 'Comparisons with our authentic standards provides us with added confidence that we are detecting and quantifying the correct metabolites,' Moran adds. 'The emergence, and sometimes rapid uptake of new synthetic drugs creates challenges for public health, clinical services, law enforcement policy and of course practical problems for those whose concern is safety,' says Steve Allsop, director of the National Drug Research Institute at Curtin University in Perth, Australia. He suggests that the new test could help overcome these challenges, but cautions that: 'the work appears to be based on self-reported use of a small number of participants, which imposes limitations.' The test could also help authorities keep up with the development of new synthetic cannabinoids. 'Now that we have enacted legislation to control these substances we have detected a host of other cannabinoids and cathinone derivatives. We are in the process of adapting our analytical procedures to detect and measure these new substances that cause harm to citizens,' says Moran James Urquhart Quantitative Measurement of JWH-018 and JWH-073 Metabolites Excreted in Human Urine “K2/SPICE” products are commonly laced with aminoalkylindole synthetic cannabinoids (i.e., JWH-018 and JWH-073) and are touted as “legal” marijuana substitutes. Here we validate a liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for measuring urinary concentrations of JWH-018, JWH-073, and several potential metabolites of each. The analytical procedure has high capacity for sample throughput and does not require solid phase or liquid extraction. Evaluation of human urine specimens collected after the subjects reportedly administered JWH-018 or a mixture of JWH-018 and JWH-073 provides preliminary evidence of clinical utility. Two subjects that consumed JWH-018 primarily excreted glucuronidated conjugates of 5-(3-(1-naphthoyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)-pentanoic acid (>30 ng/mL) and (1-(5-hydroxypentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(naphthalene-1-yl)-methanone (>50 ng/mL). Interestingly, oxidized metabolites of both JWH-018 and JWH-073 were detected in these specimens, suggesting either metabolic demethylation of JWH-018 to JWH-073 or a nonreported, previous JWH-073 exposure. Metabolic profiles generated from a subject who consumed a mixture of JWH-018 and JWH-073 were similar to profiles generated from subjects who presumably consumed JWH-018 exclusively. Oxidized metabolites of JWH-018 and JWH-073 were of the same pattern, but JWH-018 metabolites were excreted at lower concentrations. These results begin clinically validating the LC–MS/MS assay for detecting and quantifying aminoalkylindole metabolites. Full validation awaits further testing.

Wouldn't it be a wiser move to rally for mandatory warnings printed on all alcohol products intended for consumption, in the same way that is done for tobacco? I can walk in to a shop and buy 4L of wine (41 standard drinks) for $14 and effectively inflict acute hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, fetal toxicity, become addicted, or die (particularly in someone drinking for the first time or mixing with other drugs) yet this is not marked on the package. At the most, there is "Please drink responsibly". Surely all bottles/casks etc. deserve a nice collection of various warnings from the Government Health Authority in the interest of public safety: "Heavy drinking causes liver damage" As for prohibition, surely everyone here agrees that it does not work? The user of any drug deserves the facts, choice, lack of stigma, harm reduction and medical support if they need it. Anyway, as much as I think it's criminal that they don't have them, good luck getting labels on alcohol.

Have a look into berberine around the web. If it looks like it is something that might be worth a try, shoot me a PM and I'll send you some (free) to see if it helps. http://www.wellness.com/reference/herb/berberine/dosing-and-safety "Patients with leukopenia (abnormally low white blood cell count) should use cautiously due to the potential for development of leukopenia symptoms." "...only one study found that goldenseal might help boost white blood cells (a measure of the infection-fighting ability of the immune system), and it wasn't well designed." [Ref] Also: Essential oils etc http://www.mediherb....raComplexLR.pdf Scroll down to "Golden Seal Vaginal Yeast Combinations" http://www.mdidea.com/products/proper/proper00404.html for many options - direct application of boric acid sounds like it might be worth a go.