Radula marginata

[Radula marginata]

Hmm, according to some research, it is also found in Australia, at Brown´s River in Tasmania,

and at Mt. Bartle Frere in Queensland.

[Powerpoints from a Mycology Lecture Series at WSU]

Hi there,

wanting to refresh my mycology, I wanted to go through some lectures, so I went searching and found this from the Washington State University General Mycology 521 Class

http://classes.plant...wsu.edu/plp521/

And here were links to several of the lecture powerpoints on this site

http://www.ppt2txt.c...antpath.wsu.edu

But after lots of searching (and quite difficult searching at times) here is a list of all the links that I could find

(they seemed to have moved lectures around in different years, hence some missing lecures and doubling up of other Lecture numbers)

General Mycology Syllabus 2007

http://classes.plant...abus%202007.doc

Lecture 1 Intro to Mycology

http://classes.plant...%20Mycology.ppt

Lecture 2 Intro to Kingdom Fungi

http://classes.plant...dom%20Fungi.ppt

Lecture 3 Fungal Growth

http://classes.plant...yphomycetes.ppt

Lecture 3 Asexual fungi (cont.) Introduction to Ascomycota

http://classes.plant...oelomycetes.ppt

Lecture 4

http://www.plantpath...ure%209-11f.ppt

Lecture 5 Hemiascomycetes - Yeasts

http://classes.plant...20%20yeasts.ppt

Lecture 6 Eurotiales - Filamentous Ascomycetes

http://classes.plant...0Eurotiales.ppt

Lecture 7 Erysiphales - Powdery mildews.

http://classes.plant...Erysiphales.ppt

Lecture 8 Pyrenomycetes - Claviceps

http://classes.plant...renomycetes.ppt

Lecture 9 Loculoascomycetes - Sooty Molds

http://classes.plant...ascomycetes.ppt

Lecture 10 Discomycetes - Cup fungi

http://classes.plant...iscomycetes.ppt

Lecture 11 Gasteromycetes - Puffballs

http://classes.plant...teromycetes.ppt

Lecture 11 Intro to Basidiomycota some aphyllophorales

http://classes.plant...llophorales.ppt

Lecture 12 Mycorrhizal Relations Hymenomycetes

http://classes.plant.../Mycorrhiza.ppt

Lecture 12 Mushrooms

http://classes.plant...20Mushrooms.ppt

Lecture 13 Heterobasidiomycetes - Jelly Fungi

http://classes.plant...lly%20Fungi.ppt

Lecture 14 Ustilaginomycetes - Smuts

http://classes.plant...014%20Smuts.ppt

Lecture 15 Pucciniomycotina - Rusts

http://classes.plant...015%20Rusts.ppt

Lecture 16 Mucorales

http://classes.plant...20Mucorales.ppt

Lecture 17 Zygomycetes and Trichomycetes

http://classes.plant...ichomycetes.ppt

Lecture 18 Chytrids

http://classes.plant...%20Chytrids.ppt

Lecture 20 Intro to Straminipiles - Diatoms & brown algae

http://classes.plant...raminipiles.ppt

Lecture 21 Oomycota part 1

http://classes.plant...%20part%201.ppt

Lecture 22 Oomycota part 2

http://classes.plant...%20part%202.ppt

Lecture 23 Cellular Slime Molds

http://classes.plant...ime%20Molds.ppt

Lecture 24 Myxomycetes - Plasmodial Slime Molds

http://classes.plant...ime%20Molds.ppt

Xtra - Lecture Cellular Slime Molds and Plasmodiophorids

http://classes.plant...odiophorids.doc

Lecture 25 Lichens

http://classes.plant...1%20Lichens.ppt

Lecture 25 Supplement - Lichens of North America

http://classes.plant...ecture%2025.ppt

Lecture 27 2003 Phylogeny and Evolution

http://classes.plant...20Evolution.ppt

Xtra - Lab 5 Archiascomycetes and Saccharomycetales

http://classes.plant...romycetales.ppt

If anybody knows of a Mycology course with notes/handouts up on the web, please put it up

It will be a valuble resource for mycologists out there.

[Is there any evidence of traditional entheogenic use of Argyreia?]

Should we really continue calling it "Hawaiian Baby Woodrose" when the traditional usage is in Nepal?

Where is the origin on the species? Why don't we just call it "Baby Woodrose"?

 

The Silver Morning Glory, Argyreia nervosa, is found from India to Australia as a native, its introduced into Hawaii.

So we should just be calling it by its pre-Americanised common name, the Silver Morning Glory.

[nelumbo nucifera]

a readers digest book says indiginous use of leaf stalks,rhizomes and seeds as food.

claims no medicinal use!

t s t .

While not dissing the Reader's Digest, I think there are better books about Australia's native plant usage out there,

[Andean Mummies with traces of harmine]

Scientists discovered that Tiwanaku (pre-Inca) mummies from the Atacama Desert area, had harmine in hairs from an adult male and a one-year-old baby, who both date to sometime between A.D. 800 and 1200

Andean mummies

[Elaeagnus Triflora]

Thought i would post some photos of a Elaeagnus Triflora plant i just recently got from tantra and repost some info see if we can rouse some interest, in the matter of the plants potential.

I know that in the New Guinean Highlands the Gimi inhale the smoke the leaves of tobacco, an Elaeagnus species and an Amaracarpus species in divination rituals to enter a trance state, and I think the only species which is found in New Guinea is E. triflora.

[Flindersia bourjotiana]

I think the effect may lie more with the alkaloids in this species. Both skimmianine and flindersine are found in the bark. They are very closely related alkaloids and skimmianine is known to be a substantial serotonin antagonist. I think a bark alkaloid extract would be interesting.

What about if it is Flindersia laevicarpa, which contains harmalan, hesperidin, flindercarpin-2, in the leaves (Picker et al., 1976) and flindercarpin-1, flindercarpin-2, and flindercarpin-3 along with flindersiachromone and 8-methoxyflindersiachromone in the bark.

Picker, K., Ritchie, E. & Taylor, W.C. 1976. The chemical constituents of Australian Flindersia species XXI. An examination of the bark and leaves of F. laevicarpa. Aust. J. Chem. 29, 2023-2036.

[daucus glochidiatus]

dont know but thought if it is known to be common someone might look into it.

dukes shows a number of interesting compounds in daucus carota,these compounds could be in greater amts in other daucus sp,esp those not domesticated.

was looking into it and was surprised by the weed map and thought it could be worth sharing!

t s t .

well according to Harborne et al, (1969), the seeds of the Native Carrot (D. glochidiatus) contains the essential oil myristicin. I dont know the amounts though. Nor do I know of anybody who has tried to extract the oil, but I suspect that different strains/varieties would have different amounts.

Harborne JB, Heywood VH, Williams CA (1969) Distribution of Myristicin in Seeds of the Umbelliferae-D. Phytochemistry (Oxford) 8, 1729-32.

Distribution_of_myristicin_in_seeds_of_the_Umbelliferae.pdf

Distribution_of_myristicin_in_seeds_of_the_Umbelliferae.pdf

Distribution_of_myristicin_in_seeds_of_the_Umbelliferae.pdf

[A sad site (image heavy)]

Wooden furniture isn't harvested from wild trees

Usually it is actually, somewhere there is a great book about the Red Cedar harvested from the wild for its timber, so much so that it became very rare.

you killed a young tree (who knows how many you actually cut down) with many years to live,

he admitted he harvested 6 in that way, and that he intends to replace it with 6 baby seedlings (that might not survive) for the mature tree he took (come on, at least 2 seedlings per tree!)

just my 2 cents worth

[plants for home defence]

thinking about it, there are a couple of bushfoods which should be good for home defense and able to survive the hot & dry Canberra summers,

Desert Lime

and from another site

"Desert Lime trees exhibit many desert adaptation characteristics. They are the quickest citrus tree species in the world to set fruit after flowering. They protect themselves against grazing animals by sharp thorns, however, after growing above browse height of large kangaroos the trees grow no more thorns."

also here

"It is able to withstand long periods of severe drought and strong, hot winds. Under such conditions the tree will defoliate, leaving its thin, weeping green branches resembling a smoke tree. After germination, the tree develops a deep taproot and an enormous root system before making any vigorous aerial growth or full-sized leaves. It can endure high concentrations of salts in the soil and can grow up to 25 feet with access to water."

and you can see the thorns

and I think Native Currant: Acrotriche depressa is prickly, don't know how it would work as a deterrent though.

And there are some acacias (Acacia verticillata) related to Acacia maidenii and A. phlebophylla that are very prickly

and who knows, it might be interesting!

[plants for home defence]

Natives, now if you lived in a slighter wetter climate I could recommend Bush lawyer

Or the Lawyer Vine (Calamus muelleri)

Or Fire vine (Trophis scandens) and Stinging vine (Tragia novae-hollandiae)

However living in Canberra, I would think Bougainvillea would be an ideal plant, apart from not being a native.

[Orchid Tea]

Hi Torsten,

I've also got a few other orchids that are likely to be psychoactive and will report when I get around to them.

any of them native? just so I can add them into my talk at EGA

[indigenous opioid bark]

Hi Rahli

I'm not sure how effective it is but I know the fruit is tasty because it grows everywhere here in the top end. The common name is green plum. In my opinion its better then the famous kakadu plum or locally known billygoat plum terminalia ferdinadiana,.

better tasting? (which I assume) or better medicine?

And has anybody tried to ferment any of these fruits to make a fruit wine?

[Hebrews pdf post.]

I sure theres a easy explanation.

how much ram does your computer have? (are you trying to run too many applications at once - it can take up a good chunk of processing power and ram opening up some pdf's)

[Emu apple - Owenia acidula]

i was watching a doco on outback Qld, and they were speaking to an aboriginal man in the Boodjamulla area about bushfoods.

He said that Emu apple is used to give energy for long walks through the desert, and mentions that "it makes you hallucinate, sends you into a sort-of-a-trance, so that you can just keep walking."

cheers,

ajna

Sounds like the effects traditionally associated with Pituri

[Phytochemistry & Taxonomy of the Australasian Juliflorae Acacias]

(here's something I wrote 10 years ago, before the Flora of Australia volume on Acacia's came out, but with the recent posts on Acacia's, I thought I would stick it up unedited)

In the Subgenus Phyllodineae which is essentially an

Australian subgenus with a few species (3) also found in

SE Asia and the South Pacific but not found in Australia.

It can be divided into several Sections of which it seems two

closley related Sections, Juliflorae and Plurinerves as well as a

recently described group which bridges the previous two Sections,

the A. stigmatophylla Group are the most entheobotanically

interesting. A while back it was estimated that there was

219 species in Section Juliflorae and 178 species in Section

Plurinerves in Australia in 1987 (Maslin & Hnatiuk, 1987), since

then there has been several more species desribed, some species

separated into the A. stigmatophylla Group (Tindale, 1980) and

there is also three species of Acacias in these two Sections that

live outside of Australia and were not included in this count.

Adding up phtyochemically known species of 10 in the Juliflorae

with 3 of interest and 4 in the Plurinerves with 3 of interest

(although one of those is only marginally of interest) leads

to a figure of very approximatly 66 active species in the

Juliflorae and 134 active species in the Plurinerves. With new

species described the final figure could be slightly higher.

Species in the other Sections could also be found to be of interest.

Subgenus Phyllodineae

Acacias of the Juliflorae section,

The flowers occuring as spikes rather than as balls,

and phyllodes (looks like the leaves for non botanists, really a modified

part of the leaf that attaches the leaf to the stem) pluriveined.

Species Component Field test Analysis Alkaloid

Mayers,Silicotungstic,Other

A0 - Pungent Phyllodes (Phyllodes end with Spikes)

lysiphloia(1c)lf + +

oxycedrus lf +++ + 0.16%

lf +++ +++

pycnostachya ----------------never checked-----------------

rhigiiophylla ----------------never checked-----------------

riceana ----------------never checked-----------------

triptera(1) lf + ++

verticillata lf ++ ++

bk

A1 Anastomosing Nerves in Phyllodes

alpina ----------------never checked-----------------

argyraea ----------------never checked-----------------

auriculiformis ----------------never checked-----------------

brassi ----------------never checked-----------------

brevifolia ----------------never checked-----------------

cincinnata ----------------never checked-----------------

concurrens(1) lf,bk +++

courtii ----------------never checked-----------------

cowleana lf ++ +

craspedocarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

crassa ----------------never checked-----------------

cretata ----------------never checked-----------------

dallachiana ----------------never checked-----------------

denticulosa lf

dimidiata ----------------never checked-----------------

floribunda lf + PEA, TRYP

gonoclada ----------------never checked-----------------

grandifolia ----------------never checked-----------------

heliocphylla ----------------never checked-----------------

holosericea lf,st ++ +

bk ++++ ++++ 1.22% HORD

humifusa ----------------never checked-----------------

latifolia ----------------never checked-----------------

lazaridis ----------------never checked-----------------

leiocalyx lf,st +

leptocarpa lf,st

lf 0.09%

limbata ----------------never checked-----------------

longifolia lf,st +++ PEA, TRYP

lf CH, DH, HDH

longispicata ----------------never checked-----------------

longissima lf +++ ++++ 0.25%

bk 0.02%

maidenii bk 0.6% DMT, MMT

lf with bark gave alkaloids (1)

mangium lf +

bk +

mucronata, var lf + ++

dissitiflora

nesophila ----------------never checked-----------------

obtusifolia bk 0.15%

oligophleba ----------------never checked-----------------

orites ----------------never checked-----------------

phlebophylla lf 0.3% DMT

bk -------------never checked-----------------

polystachya lf ++ ++

bk +++ +++

bk 0.3% CH

praetermissa ----------------never checked-----------------

sophorae lf +++ +++ CH, HDH

lf 0.15% DMT, TRYP,?

bk 0.62% as in lf

stipuligera ----------------never checked-----------------

tropica ----------------never checked-----------------

A2 Non-Anastomosing Nerves in Phyllodes

acradenia ----------------never checked-----------------

acuminata lf +++ +++ PEA, TRYP

adsurgens ----------------never checked-----------------

ampliata ----------------never checked-----------------

ancistrocarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

aneura lf 0.009%

aprepta ----------------never checked-----------------

armitti ----------------never checked-----------------

aulacocarpa(1) lf + +

ayersiana ----------------never checked-----------------

beauverdiana lf,st ++ +

binervia ----------------never checked-----------------

blakei ----------------never checked-----------------

bulgaensis ----------------never checked-----------------

burkittii ----------------never checked-----------------

burrowii ----------------never checked-----------------

calyculata ----------------never checked-----------------

caroleae ----------------never checked-----------------

catenulata ----------------never checked-----------------

cheelii lf

chisholmii ----------------never checked-----------------

cibaria ----------------never checked-----------------

clivicola ----------------never checked-----------------

conjunctifolia ----------------never checked-----------------

conniana ----------------never checked-----------------

coolgardiensis ----------------never checked-----------------

crassicarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

curranii ----------------never checked-----------------

curvinervia ----------------never checked-----------------

cuthbertsonii ----------------never checked-----------------

cylindrica ----------------never checked-----------------

cyperophylla ----------------never checked-----------------

demissa ----------------never checked-----------------

desertorum ----------------never checked-----------------

diphylla ----------------never checked-----------------

doratoxylon lf,st 0.06%

drepanocarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

echinuliflora ----------------never checked-----------------

epedunculata ----------------never checked-----------------

ephedroides ----------------never checked-----------------

fauntleroyi ----------------never checked-----------------

georgensis ----------------never checked-----------------

gibbosa ----------------never checked-----------------

gracillima ----------------never checked-----------------

granitica ----------------never checked-----------------

grasbyi ----------------never checked-----------------

guymeri ----------------never checked-----------------

hammondii ----------------never checked-----------------

heteronerua ----------------never checked-----------------

hemsleyi ----------------never checked-----------------

hilliana lf

hyaloneura ----------------never checked-----------------

incongesta ----------------never checked-----------------

inophloia ----------------never checked-----------------

jackesiana ----------------never checked-----------------

jibberdingensis ---------------never checked-----------------

julifera ----------------never checked-----------------

kempeana lf

laccata ----------------never checked-----------------

lasiocalyx lf

leptostachya bk CH

levata ----------------never checked-----------------

longiphyllodinea --------------never checked-----------------

malloclada ----------------never checked-----------------

matthewii ----------------never checked-----------------

megalantha ----------------never checked-----------------

merinthophora ----------------never checked-----------------

minyura ----------------never checked-----------------

multispicata ----------------never checked-----------------

neurophylla ----------------never checked-----------------

olgana ----------------never checked-----------------

oncinophylla ----------------never checked-----------------

orthocarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

paranerua ----------------never checked-----------------

petraea ----------------never checked-----------------

plectocarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

pubifolia ----------------never checked-----------------

pubirhachis ----------------never checked-----------------

quadrimarginea ----------------never checked-----------------

ramulosa ----------------never checked-----------------

repanda ----------------never checked-----------------

rhodoxylon lf,st ++ +

sessilipica ----------------never checked-----------------

shirleyi lf +

signata ----------------never checked-----------------

singula ----------------never checked-----------------

spania ----------------never checked-----------------

sparsiflora lf,st

spirobis

(ssp spirobis) ? CH, HDH

-(found in New Caledonia)

ssp solandri ----------------never checked-----------------

sterophylla ----------------never checked-----------------

stowardii ----------------never checked-----------------

striatifolia ----------------never checked-----------------

subtilinervis ----------------never checked-----------------

tanumbirinensis ---------------never checked-----------------

tarculensis ----------------never checked-----------------

tenuinervis ----------------never checked-----------------

tenuissima ----------------never checked-----------------

torulosa lf ++ +

bk

trachycarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

tumida ----------------never checked-----------------

umbellata lf 0.013%

(wetarensis) ----------------never checked-----------------

-(found in Malaysia)

whitei ----------------never checked-----------------

xanthocarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

yorkrakinensis ----------------never checked-----------------

Other Sections

Closely Related Section Bridging Sections A & B

A. stigmatophylla Group

drepanocarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

nuperrima ----------------never checked-----------------

oncinocarpa ----------------never checked-----------------

paula ----------------never checked-----------------

producta ----------------never checked-----------------

setulifera ----------------never checked-----------------

stigmatophylla ----------------never checked-----------------

translucens ----------------never checked-----------------

wickhamii ----------------never checked-----------------

yirkallensis ----------------never checked-----------------

Maslin, B.R. & Hnatiuk, R.J. 1987. Aspects of the Phytogeography

of Acacia in Australia. in Stirton, C.H. (ed.) 1987. Advances in

Legume Systematic Part 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Tindale, M.D. 1980. Notes on Australian Taxa of Acacia No. 7.

Telopea 2(1), 113.

[Possible kava substitutes]

So with all the recent shenanigans, I thought I would post this here instead of littering the other specific threads.

How about all these other species?

Alpinia mutica

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin...932788/ABSTRACT

5,6-dehydrokawain isolated from A. mutica

Inhibitory effects of compounds from Zingiberaceae species on platelet activating factor receptor binding. 2005. Phytotherapy Research, 18(12) 1005 - 1007.

Alpinia nutans

5,6-Dehydrokawain, flavokawin-B, 1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-hepten-3-one, (-)-pinocembrin and a mixture of stigmasterol and b-sitosterol were isolated.

The Antioxidative Components from Alpinia nutans. 2003. Pharmaceutical Biology, 41, 7–9.

Alpinia globosa

http://english.vista.gov.vn/english/st_doc...08180848599564/

Beta-Sitosterol, stigmasterol and a minor compound 5.6-dehydrokawain were isolated from the ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia globosa, a medicinal plant of Vietnam.

Phytochemical investigation of Alpinia globosa (Lour.) Horaninov, Zingiberaceae. 2004. TC Hoá học . Vol 42. -No 3. -p. 376-378.

Alpinia rafflesiana

http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16376395

2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone, 5,6-dehydrokawain and other compounds

DPPH free radical scavenger components from the fruits of Alpinia rafflesiana (Zingiberaceae) 2004. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C. A journal of biosciences v59, 811-815.

[Possible kava substitutes]

anyone have access to these papers so we can find out how much lactone they found in the speciosa?

you mean Alpinia zerumbet dont you?

http://www.rain-tree.com/shell-flower.htm

Lets hope this uploading works ;)

Biologically_Active_Flavonoids_and_Kava_Pyrones_of_Alpinia_zerumbet.pdf

GC_MS_Determination_of_Kava_Pyrones_in_Alpinia_zerumbet_Leaves.pdf

Biologically_Active_Flavonoids_and_Kava_Pyrones_of_Alpinia_zerumbet.pdf

GC_MS_Determination_of_Kava_Pyrones_in_Alpinia_zerumbet_Leaves.pdf

Biologically_Active_Flavonoids_and_Kava_Pyrones_of_Alpinia_zerumbet.pdf

GC_MS_Determination_of_Kava_Pyrones_in_Alpinia_zerumbet_Leaves.pdf

[Ok, who's been DNA splicing Chillies with cannabis DNA]

Cant find it elsewhere on the forums,

but does anybody know about the trace amount of THC containing Chillies?

http://bobafett81.livejournal.com/851636.html

"The Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA) told supermarkets to withhold sales of S&B Assorted Chilli Pepper last week following reports that the Hong Kong Government found traces of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the product."

http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/psycho...2623951358.html

[Betelnut Bisnis]

http://www.roninfilms.com.au/feature/2406167303.html

While we are talking about Betelnut, Taiwan seems to have much cuter betelnut sellers, now a while ago devance posted a link (now dead) to binlanggirls, but have you checked out Chew On This (Betelnut Girls)?

 

Bin Lang (Betelnut) girl

 

Betelnut Girls Slideshow

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJWxs6eRNvY

[Radiation Eating Fungus]

Hi everybody,

a fungus has been discovered (by researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University) with "the ability to use radioactivity as an energy source for making food and spurring their growth." Although the fungus mentioned isn't actually edible (which is sort of implied by their statement "fungi as an inexhaustible food source on long missions or for colonizing other planets")

http://www.innovations-report.com/html/rep...port-84775.html

""The fungal kingdom comprises more species than any other plant or animal kingdom, so finding that they're making food in addition to breaking it down means that Earth's energetics—in particular, the amount of radiation energy being converted to biological energy—may need to be recalculated," says Dr. Arturo Casadevall, chair of microbiology & immunology at Einstein and senior author of the study, published May 23 in PLoS ONE.

The ability of fungi to live off radiation could also prove useful to people: "Since ionizing radiation is prevalent in outer space, astronauts might be able to rely on fungi as an inexhaustible food source on long missions or for colonizing other planets," says Dr. Ekaterina Dadachova, associate professor of nuclear medicine and microbiology & immunology at Einstein and lead author of the study.

Those fungi able to "eat" radiation must possess melanin, the pigment found in many if not most fungal species. But up until now, melanin's biological role in fungi—if any--has been a mystery.

"Just as the pigment chlorophyll converts sunlight into chemical energy that allows green plants to live and grow, our research suggests that melanin can use a different portion of the electromagnetic spectrum—ionizing radiation—to benefit the fungi containing it," says Dr. Dadachova.

The research began five years ago when Dr. Casadevall read on the Web that a robot sent into the still-highly-radioactive damaged reactor at Chernobyl had returned with samples of black, melanin-rich fungi that were growing on the reactor's walls. "I found that very interesting and began discussing with colleagues whether these fungi might be using the radiation emissions as an energy source," says Dr. Casadevall.

To test this idea, the Einstein researchers performed a variety of in vivo tests using three genetically diverse fungi and four measures of cell growth. The studies consistently showed that ionizing radiation significantly enhances the growth of fungi that contain melanin.

For example, two types of fungi--one that was induced to make melanin (Crytococcus neoformans) and another that naturally contains it (Wangiella dermatitidis)—were exposed to levels of ionizing radiation approximately 500 times higher than background levels. Both species grew significantly faster (as measured by the number of colony forming units and dry weight) than when exposed to standard background radiation.

The researchers also carried out physico-chemical studies into melanin's ability to capture radiation. By measuring the electron spin resonance signal after melanin was exposed to ionizing radiation, they showed that radiation interacts with melanin to alter its electron structure. This is an essential step for capturing radiation and converting it into a different form of energy to make food.

Dr. Casadevall notes that the melanin in fungi is no different chemically from the melanin in our skin. "It's pure speculation but not outside the realm of possibility that melanin could be providing energy to skin cells," he says. "While it wouldn't be enough energy to fuel a run on the beach, maybe it could help you to open an eyelid.""

[11:11]

I feel the El Duderino form has created a beautiful piece of psychedelic artwork, much congratuklations to it!!! Truly wonderful, I hope you don't mind if I save it? Just for my own speculation, there seems to be a lot of detail in their to process.

I wouldn't think any artist would mind, as it shows that your appreciate their work.

Any most artists want their work to be appreciated.

[ergot]

that's right

well here's what i know so far

two types:

claviceps purpurea

claviceps paspali

c.purpurea has been attributed to gangrene, no good

c.paspali has been attributed to central nervous derangement, still not good but rather that than my gear departing

here is a list of Ergot species in Australia (from an unpublished paper from long ago)

Ergots in Australia Host Genera

Claviceps *africana Sorghum spp.

annulata Eulalia fulva

glabra Digitaria spp.

hirtella Eriochloa and Urochloa spp.

inconspicua Hyparrhenia filipiendula

*maximensis Panicum spp.

nigricans Eleocharis spp.

*paspali Paspalum spp.

phararidis Dactylis, Danthonia, Lolium, Phalaris and Vulpia spp.

platytricha Ischaeumum australe

purpurea Many species in at least 80 pooid genera including

Agropyron, Agrostis, Ammophila, Avena, Austrofestuca, Bromus, Dactylis, Danthonia, Dichelachne, Distichlis,

Echinopogon, Elymus, Eragrostis, Festuca, Holcus, Hordeum, Lolium, Microlaena, Phalaris, Phleum, Phragmites, Poa,

Polypogon, Secale, Triticum, Vulpia, plus the panicoid species Pennisetum

pusilla Bothriochloa, Capillipedium, Chrysopogon, Cymbopogon, Dichanthium, Heeteropogon, Hyparrhenia, Sorghum, Themeda, Vetiveria

queenslandicum Paspalum scrobiculatum

And there is another table of all the active ergot species in the world (about 11 ergots and several other members of that family as well), but no native species in Australia has been tested (apart from purpurea which is found everywhere).

So Claviceps africana contains traces of the alkaloids elymoclavine and agroclavine as well as several

other clavine alkaloids.

Does that answer your questions?

[Australian Safrole Containing Plants - the new faq]

Australian Safrole Containing Plants

-=] ausaf - 2007 [=-

"following on from the direction of the safrole faq is research report information covering 9 known species - (8 native) growing in australia"

contents:

While we are talking about such plants

does anybody know the oil composition of the Blush-walnut, Beilschmiedia obtusifolia, which according to Flückiger (1887), has bark that affords about 2% of volatile oil and has a distinct 'sassafras' odour, implying it has safrole.

Flückiger, P. 1887. The Distribution Of Safrol. Am. J. Pharm. 59(8),

http://www.henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/j.../08-safrol.html

and the River Red Gum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis was found to contain up to 0.3% safrole in its essential oil (Aboriginal Communities, 1993).

(now if only there are high chemotypes out there).

Aboriginal Communities of the Northern Territory. 1993. Traditional Aboriginal Medicines in the Northern Territory of Australia. Conservation Commission of the NT., Darwin.

[Australian Safrole Containing Plants - the new faq]

Just saw this thread.

Are there any papers for the Boronia? Couldn't find one...

The leaves of the Safrole Boronia contain about 1.45% essential oil of which is composed of up to 75% safrole and the rest is composed of methyl eugenol and pinene (Penfold, 1924).

Penfold, A.R. 1924. The Essential Oil of Boronia safrolifera. J. Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 58, 230-233.