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Cannabinoid Profiles - THC, THC-A, THC-V, CBD, CBG, CBN, CBC & Terpenes

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Firstly thanks for sharing the video, the one point i really took from it was we definitely need more research in this area

Personally i found it frustrating that the lady doctor kept saying "There is a number of studies that show...." without stating the names of the study's

I tried looking over the reference list, but its got over 140 papers making it almost impossible to connect what information is coming from where, but when she is quoting other scientist work without making it clear who they are, this in my eyes comes very close to plagiarism.

While there was alot of good general information in this video i did find it concerning that medical experts are using phrases such as "THC causes cancer cells to commit suicide"

From what im aware and please correct me if im wrong, the experiments that showed THC induced cancer cell apoptosis (cell death) was performed in vitro ( in a petri dish ) not in vivo ( performed or taking place in a living organism.) So now we have got a whole crowd of people running around assuming THC will kill cancer cells inside them because thats what happened in vitro.

If THC does cause apoptosis in cancer cells, shouldn't it be really eazy to design an experiment with 1000 people who all have aggressive forms of cancer, and then demonstrate that THC does in fact cause cancer cell apoptosis and as a result of this cell death we have now saved 1000 lives?

At my university they are currently testing 2 different preparations of cannabis on terminally ill cancer patients, i believe these experiments are designs to see how cannabis can improve the lives of people with extreme forms of cancer, not to cure them. If curing was possible, why arent they trying that first ?

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Yeah it's a big leap to suggest in vitro results will extrapolate into parallel results in vivo but it is a good starting point.

The cancer industry is a multi billion dollar money spinner though, so any prospective research proposed to cure cancer is going to receive a lukewarm reception unless there is a some reputable evidence to show that the treatment has some scientific basis. Just think of the snake-oil salesmen that have sold cancers over the last hundred years.

Maybe the researchers have taken a conservative approach with their terms of reference to slip in through the side door and not step on any toes ?

It's valuable research that needs to be done and their study might turn up some "unexpected" findings on 5 year survival rates of participants which could lead to further studies and research grants.

It seems to me that the researches you've mentioned may be trying to bridge the gap from in vitro results to human studies gently without upsetting the status quo.

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Popular CBD:THC ratios

CBD Dominant /cbd:thc/ - 18:1
Non-psychoactive. For novice cannabis users or people who don’t want to get high. Some patients find CBD dominant medicines helpful for anxiety, depression, psychosis and other mood disorders.

CBD Bridge /cbd:thc/ - 8:1
Non-psychoactive. Some patients find mid-range CBD:THC ratios helpful for spasms, convulsions, tremors, endocrine disorders, metabolic syndrome and overall wellness.

CBD Harmony /cbd:thc/ - 4:1
Borderline psychoactive.For patients who have some tolerance for THC. Some patients find mid-range ratios helpful for pain relief, immune support and other health benefits.

CBD Synergy /cbd:thc/ - 2:1

Psychoactive in larger doses. For patients who have some tolerance for THC. Some patients find balanced ratios helpful for inflammation, chronic pain, gastrointestinal issues and stress relief.

CBD Balance /cbd:thc/ - 1:1
Psychoactive. For patients who tolerate THC well. Some patients find a balanced ratio helpful for neuropathic pain, rheumatism and overall mood enhancement.

Edited by mysubtleascention

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Misconceptions

  1. “CBD is medical. THC is recreational.” Project CBD receives many inquiries from around the world and oftentimes people say they are seeking “CBD, the medical part” of the plant, “not THC, the recreational part” that gets you high. Actually, THC, “The High Causer,” has awesome therapeutic properties. Scientists at the Scripps Research Center in San Diego reported that THC inhibits an enzyme implicated in the formation of beta-amyloid plaque, the hallmark of Alzheimer’s-related dementia. The federal government recognizes single-molecule THC (Marinol) as an anti-nausea compound and appetite booster, deeming it a Schedule III drug, a category reserved for medicinal substances with little abuse potential. But whole plant marijuana, the only natural source of THC, continues to be classified as a dangerous Schedule I drug with no medical value.
  2. “THC is the bad cannabinoid. CBD is the good cannabinoid.” The drug warrior’s strategic retreat: Give ground on CBD while continuing to demonize THC. Diehard marijuana prohibitionists are exploiting the good news about CBD to further stigmatize high-THC cannabis, casting tetrahydrocannabinol as the bad cannabinoid, whereas CBD is framed as the good cannabinoid. Why? Because CBD doesn’t make you high like THC does. Project CBD categorically rejects this moralistic, reefer madness dichotomy in favor of whole plant cannabis therapeutics.
  3. “CBD is most effective without THC.” THC and CBD are the power couple of cannabis compounds—they work best together. Scientific studies have established that CBD and THC interact synergistically to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. British researchers have shown that CBD potentiates THC’s anti-inflammatory properties in an animal model of colitis. Scientists at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco determined that a combination of CBD and THC has a more potent anti-tumoral effect than either compound alone when tested on brain cancer and breast cancer cell lines. And extensive clinical research has demonstrated that CBD combined with THC is more beneficial for neuropathic pain than either compound as a single molecule.
  4. “Single-molecule pharmaceuticals are superior to ‘crude’ whole plant medicinals.” According to the federal government, specific components of the marijuana plant (THC, CBD) have medical value, but the plant itself does not have medical value. Uncle Sam’s single-molecule blinders reflect a cultural and political bias that privileges Big Pharma products. Single-molecule medicine is the predominant corporate way, the FDA-approved way, but it’s not the only way, and it’s not necessarily the optimal way to benefit from cannabis therapeutics. Cannabis contains several hundred compounds, including various flavonoids, aromatic terpenes, and many minor cannabinoids in addition to THC and CBD. Each of these compounds has specific healing attributes, but when combined they create what scientists refer to as a holistic “entourage effect,” so that the therapeutic impact of the whole plant is greater than the sum of its single-molecule parts. The Food and Drug Administration, however, isn’t in the business of approving plants as medicine. (See the scientific evidence.)
  5. “Psychoactivity is inherently an adverse side effect.”According to politically correct drug war catechism, the marijuana high is an unwanted side effect. Big Pharma is keen on synthesizing medically active marijuana-like molecules that don’t make people high—although it’s not obvious why mild euphoric feelings are intrinsically negative for a sick person or a healthy person, for that matter. In ancient Greece, the word euphoria meant “having health,” a state of well-being. The euphoric qualities of cannabis, far from being an unwholesome side effect, are deeply implicated in the therapeutic value of the plant. “We should be thinking of cannabis as a medicine first,” said Dr. Tod Mikuriya, “that happens to have some psychoactive properties, as many medicines do, rather than as an intoxicant that happens to have a few therapeutic properties on the side.”
  6. “CBD is legal in all 50 states.” Purveyors of imported, CBD-infused hemp oil claim it’s legal to market their wares anywhere in the United States as long as the oil contains less than 0.3 percent THC. Actually, it’s not so simple. Federal law prohibits U.S. farmers from growing hemp as a commercial crop, but the sale of imported, low-THC, industrial hemp products is permitted in the United States as long as these products are derived from the seed or stalk of the plant, not from the leaves and flowers. Here’s the catch: Cannabidiol can’t be pressed or extracted from hempseed. CBD can be extracted from the flower, leaves, and, only to a very minor extent, from the stalk of the hemp plant. Hemp oil start-ups lack credibility when they say their CBD comes from hempseed and stalk. Congress may soon vote to exempt industrial hemp and CBD from the definition of marijuana under the Controlled Substances Act. Such legislation would not be necessary if CBD derived from foreign-grown hemp was already legal throughout the United States.
  7. “'CBD-only’ laws adequately serve the patient population.” Fifteen U.S. state legislatures have passed “CBD only” (or, more accurately, “low THC”) laws, and other states are poised to follow suit. Some states restrict the sources of CBD-rich products and specify the diseases for which CBD can be accessed; others do not. Ostensibly these laws allow the use of CBD-infused oil derived from hemp or cannabis that measures less than 0.3 percent THC. But a CBD-rich remedy with little THC doesn’t work for everyone. Parents of epileptic children have found that adding some THC (or THCA, the raw unheated version of THC) helps with seizure control in many instances. For some epileptics, THC-dominant strains are more effective than CBD-rich products. The vast majority of patients are not well served by CBD-only laws. They need access to a broad spectrum of whole plant cannabis remedies, not just the low THC medicine. One size doesn’t fit all with respect to cannabis therapeutics, and neither does one compound or one product or one strain.
  8. “CBD is CBD—It doesn’t matter where it comes from.” Yes it does matter. The flower-tops and leaves of some industrial hemp strains may be a viable source of CBD (legal issues notwithstanding), but hemp is by no means an optimal source of cannabidiol. Industrial hemp typically contains far less cannabidiol than CBD-rich cannabis. Huge amounts of industrial hemp are required to extract a small amount of CBD, thereby raising the risk of toxic contaminants because hemp is a “bio-accumulator” that draws heavy metals from the soil. Single-molecule CBD synthesized in a lab or extracted and refined from industrial hemp lacks critical medicinal terpenes and secondary cannabinoids found in cannabis strains. These compounds interact with CBD and THC to enhance their therapeutic benefits.
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Terpenes: What Are Terpenoids And What Do They Do?

Terpenes (TUR-peen) are a large class of organic hydrocarbons produced by a wide variety of plants, and are referred to as terpenoids when denatured by oxidation (drying and curing the flowers). They are the main building block of any plant resin or “essential oils” and contribute to the scent, flavor, and colors. Some are even known to have medicinal value.

Terpenes are the main class of aromatic compounds found in cannabis and have even been proven to interact synergistically with cannabinoids to provide for a range of different effects. While many people believe that it is the sticky glands of THC (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) that provide cannabis with its peculiar aroma, it is in fact the more unstable monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes that are responsible. In fact, it is the smell of the specific sesquiterpene,Caryophyllene oxide that drug dogs are able to detect when probing for cannabis.

Understanding the importance of terpenes allows for a true “cannasseur” to broaden their approach to searching for new strains based on smells and tastes, rather than purely effects.

Terpenes Are The Aromatic Compounds In Cannabis

Typically when you hear the term “aromatic plant,” cannabis is not typically the first example that comes to mind for the majority of people. While typical cooking herbs such as basil, mint, oregano, rosemary and sage are considered aromatic plants because of their desired aroma and flavor (or terpene profile) in the kitchen, cannabis is no different. However, since there are endless combinations of cannabis genetics, the range of terpene profiles is immeasurable.

terpwheel.png

Terpenes have been found to be essential building blocks of complex plant hormones and molecules, pigments, sterols and even cannabinoids in cannabis. Terpenes also play an incredibly important role by providing the plant with natural protection from bacteria and fungus, insects, and other environmental stresses.

More noticeably, terpenes are responsible for the pleasant, or not so pleasant, aromas and flavors of cannabis. Although, over 200 terpenes have been reported in the plant, only a small minority has actually been studied for their pharmacological effects.

A study conducted in 1997 by the Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture entitled “Essential oil of Cannabis sativa L. strains” characterized 16 terpenoid compounds in the essential oil of different cannabis strains. The most abundant of which was myrcene. Other terpenes that were present in higher concentrations included alpha-pinene, limonene, trans-Caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide.

Where Are Terpenes Found & What Benefits Do They Provide?

In addition to cannabinoids, many terpenes are known to have their own pharmacological value as well. For example, alpha-pinene is an organic compound found in the oils of rosemary and sage as well as many species of pine trees. Pinene can increase mental focus and energy, as well as act as an expectorant, bronchodilator, and a topical antiseptic and has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine to retain and restore memory.

Other terpenes such as limonene have relaxing effects and are found in anything with a citrus smell such as oranges, lemons, rosemary, and juniper. Limonene is known to have anti-bacterial, anti-depressant and anti-carcinogenic properties as well. It is thought to quickly penetrate cell membranes causing other terpenes to be absorbed more rapidly and effectively. Because of Limonene’s potent anti-carcinogenic and anti-fungal properties, it is thought to be the component protecting marijuana smokers from aspergillus fungi and carcinogens found in cannabis smoke.

Cannabis is also known for possessing a significant amount of the terpene beta-caryophyllene (BCP). According to Berkely Patients Care, this terpene is responsible for activating the CB2 receptor and acts as a non-psychoactive anti-inflammatory. Because it binds to a cannabinoid receptor, beta-caryophyllene is considered a cannabinoid. The terpene is in many legal herbs and spices and contributes to the spiciness of black pepper. It is also an FDA approved food additive, making it the first dietary cannabinoid.

Myrcene is another abundant terpene in cannabis, mainly sativas, and is a building block for menthol, citronella and geraniol. The terpene possesses muscle-relaxing, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects among other benefits. Myrcene also has an effect on the permeability of cell membranes, which allows for the absorption of more cannabinoids by brain cells.

Myrcene is also a very important chemical in the perfumery industry because of its peasant odor, which is described as clove-like, earthy, and fruity. It can be found in the essential oils of the bay tree, myrcia (where the name comes from), and mangos.

Terpenes Work Synergistically With Cannabinoids

A 1974 study entitled, “Effects of marihuana in laboratory animals and in man” suggested that there may be potentiation of the effects of Delta(9)-THC by other substances present in marijuana. The double-blind study found that marijuana with equal or higher levels of CBD and CBN than THC, induced effects two to four times greater than expected from their THC content. The effects of smoking twice as much of a THC-only strain were no different than that of the placebo.

This suggestion was reinforced by a study done in 2003 by J Pharm Pharmacol called “Medicinal cannabis: is delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol necessary for all its effects?” The scientists compared the effects of a standardized cannabis extract with that of a pure THC (with matched concentrations of THC) and a THC-free extract. They tested the three extracts on a mouse with multiple sclerosis (MS), and a rat brain with epilepsy.

Scientists found that the standardized extract inhibited spasticity in the mouse and caused more of a rapid onset of full muscle relaxation compared to THC alone. The THC-free extract caused no inhibition of spasticity in the mouse, although it did exhibit anticonvulsant activity in the rat brain. However, the standardized extract outperformed the pure THC in all circumstances. Therefore, the effects of THC were modified by the presence of other components, and thus, THC is not necessary responsible for all the possible medicinal effects of cannabis.

Source: http://www.medicaljane.com/2013/04/13/terpenes-terpenoids-what-are-they-what-do-they-do/?utm_source=mantis&utm_medium=recommend&utm_campaign=mantis&muuid=ec251b23-da6d-4e9d-bd1d-59e43831c3e5

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“THC is the bad cannabinoid. CBD is the good cannabinoid.” The drug warrior’s strategic retreat: Give ground on CBD while continuing to demonize THC. Diehard marijuana prohibitionists are exploiting the good news about CBD to further stigmatize high-THC cannabis, casting tetrahydrocannabinol as the bad cannabinoid, whereas CBD is framed as the good cannabinoid. Why? Because CBD doesn’t make you high like THC does. Project CBD categorically rejects this moralistic, reefer madness dichotomy in favor of whole plant cannabis therapeutics.

geez this is shit^ how did this happen?

an wholeistic approach is required not defining -then redinfining un researched components -farrrrrrrk!

-ps really enjoyed reading your above post dude lil froggy

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Posted 15 January 2016 - 02:22 PM

Firstly thanks for sharing the video, the one point i really took from it was we definitely need more research in this area

Personally i found it frustrating that the lady doctor kept saying "There is a number of studies that show...." without stating the names of the study's

I tried looking over the reference list, but its got over 140 papers making it almost impossible to connect what information is coming from where, but when she is quoting other scientist work without making it clear who they are, this in my eyes comes very close to plagiarism.

While there was alot of good general information in this video i did find it concerning that medical experts are using phrases such as "THC causes cancer cells to commit suicide"

From what im aware and please correct me if im wrong, the experiments that showed THC induced cancer cell apoptosis (cell death) was performed in vitro ( in a petri dish ) not in vivo ( performed or taking place in a living organism.) So now we have got a whole crowd of people running around assuming THC will kill cancer cells inside them because thats what happened in vitro.

If THC does cause apoptosis in cancer cells, shouldn't it be really eazy to design an experiment with 1000 people who all have aggressive forms of cancer, and then demonstrate that THC does in fact cause cancer cell apoptosis and as a result of this cell death we have now saved 1000 lives?

At my university they are currently testing 2 different preparations of cannabis on terminally ill cancer patients, i believe these experiments are designs to see how cannabis can improve the lives of people with extreme forms of cancer, not to cure them. If curing was possible, why arent they trying that first ?

lets hope research and business models merge to fucking help those in need --farrrrrrrrrrk(the little cheese wheels are awesome msa.....really love them pinwheel stats it helps people visualize the concepts.

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I appreciate change's viewpoint on this - the pursuit of both fairer drug policies and better medicines is better served by good evidence than magical thinking. I'm not saying anyone here does this, I just don't think anyone benefits from people who do the equivalent of claiming that cannabis can cure a wooden leg.

That said, I think there is excellent science going on. I'm looking forward to seeing if companies like Eybna http://www.eybna.com/ can back up their claims in due course, and actually make some money in the process.

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^ thats a flash looking website yeti (thanks :) ). Terpenes are definately what creates some interesting effects.

There is a lot to said for following ones nose :wink:.

I eagerly await more research into THCV.

If anyone comes across High THC and HIgh THCV you will surely find a quite different experience.

There is some chatter about its PTSD treatment potential that may hold some promise.

Ive known of weed (various deliveries) helping a lot of people across different illnesses, yet to see anyone cured of cancer.

Known firsthand of massive improvements to quality of life of folk with, cancer but, I would even say some have endured through to remission because of it.

Not everyone can tolerate some cannbinoids, and the limited opportunties to diversity of profiles in my honest opinion verges on being criminal.

Not to sound harsh but cancer appears to be getting preferential treatment in the Australian debate. To be frank I've seen remarkable improvements in MS treatment as one example.

I am very concerned of what Australians may be delivered with...... I fear limited cannabinoid preparations.

The thing about "science" is that its used to sell all kinds of shit now..... I still get really fucked off when I see an ad selling washing powder touting "sciency: shit with make believe words. Fuck science changed the advertising industry...lol

Cannabis therapies also need to be marketed.....

Don't start me on makeup :wink: and don't foget "doctors" recomendations on deathstix

Seriously Australia is so far behind in "cannascience' though it really is an embaressment.

WB

^ if he had a wooden leg there would be weed in it to make him happier about it at least :wink:

and because scientist tell him its the best place to keep it

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