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Neanderthals live on in our DNA

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Neanderthals and modern humans interbred, probably when early humans first began to migrate out of Africa, according to a genetic study.

People of European, Asian and Australasian origin all have Neanderthal DNA, but not Africans, researchers reported in the journal Science.

The study may help resolve the long-running debate over whether Neanderthals and modern humans did more than simply live side by side in Europe and the Middle East.

"Those of us who live outside Africa carry a little Neanderthal DNA in us," said study leader Dr Svante Paabo, of the Max Planck Institute in Munich, Germany.

"The proportion of Neanderthal-inherited genetic material is about 1 to 4 per cent."

"It is a small but very real proportion of ancestry in non-Africans today," added Dr David Reich, of Harvard Medical School in Boston, who also worked on the study.

While the findings may lead to jokes about cave-man behaviour or looks, Dr Paabo says his team could not identify any particular Neanderthal "traits".

"As far as we can tell these are just random pieces of DNA," he said.

The researchers used modern methods called whole genome sequencing to examine the DNA from Neanderthal bones found in Croatia, Russia, Germany and Spain, including some crushed leg bones from one Croatian cave that some scientists believe are evidence of cannibalism.

The researchers developed new methods to gather, distinguish and sequence the Neanderthal DNA.

"In those bones that are 30,000, 40,000 years old there is of course very little DNA preserved," Dr Paabo said.

He says 97 per cent or more of the DNA extracted was from bacteria and fungi.

Researchers compared the Neanderthal sequences to DNA sequences from five people from Europe, Asia, Papua New Guinea and Africa.

The results add to a picture of modern humans living alongside with and interacting on the most intimate levels with similar humans who have now gone extinct.

"It certainly is an indication of what went on socially when Neanderthals and modern humans met," Dr Paabo said.

"There was interbreeding at some little level. I would prefer to leave it to others who want to quarrel over whether to call us separate species or not. They were not genetically very distinct from us."

The DNA sequences date back to somewhere around 80,000 years ago, when modern humans moving through the Middle East on their way out of Africa would have encountered the southernmost populations of Neanderthals.

The researchers identified five genes unique to Neanderthals, including three skin genes.

"This suggests that something in the physiology or morphology of the skin has changed in humans," Dr Paabo said.

In March, Dr Paabo and colleagues reported they had found a previously unknown human species that lived 30,000 years ago alongside modern humans and Neanderthals in Siberia.

Scientists have for years speculated that several different species of humans lived side by side at various times over the past million years.

But many would have lived in tropical zones where bones are not easily preserved.

Dr Paabo says modern-day Africans may carry some of that unknown DNA even if they do not have Neanderthal ancestors.

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That does make sense. Maybe that's how we were able to adapt to so many different enviroments so quickly. By spending a few generations in one region and stealing the genes from other huminoids that had already spent hundreds of generations evolving to deal with that certain enviroment.

They say a lot of these huminoids had a lot more body strength than modern humans,  used weapons and had similiar sized brains. So even if they didn't interact socially (which would be hard to belief, considering humans have always tried to connect with all living things), there must of been attacks and wars from both sides as resouces thinned out, which always leads to interbreeding.  

It'd be a really good theory to put to a skin head, Africans are the only truly pure breed homo sapiens, lol.   

 

Edited by jabez

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asda

Edited by Teljkon

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nah , the scientific sector is full of shit ... any evidence of anything is tainted ...

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what was your position in the other thread telk? this finding does help answer what we were talking about just last week. basically i interpret this as: homo sapiens sapiens (modern man) appeared in africa and is still there today, he migrated into the middle east and europe and these emigrants bred with the hominids which had already appeared in these areas (homo neanderthalensis OR homo sapiens nanderthalensis, depends who you ask). therefore modern man probably came out of africa but forgetting about africans for a moment who do not contain neanderthal dna, modern man probably also has 1-4% dna belonging to non-african neanderthal men.

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adasds

Edited by Teljkon

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Teljkon, 50,000-odd yrs is a long enough time for a species to adapt to new environments which explains much of the differences between modern races. It has nothing to do with one race being better than another or that we mustn't have have come from the same place.

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Telly if you are basing the idea of differing anatomys between the races on your experience of seeing that afro american guy in your martial arts course had different pressure points then... well sorry but its kind of bullshit.

Race is a culturally constructed concept.

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Yes the races are a genetically invalid classification. There is no more difference between Caucasoid, Negroid and Mongoloid than there is between people with blue, brown and green eyes or different hair colour it is minor gene variations.

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adasda

 

Edited by Teljkon

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yeah it's possible, just like it's possible that the scientific findings nabraxas has been posting are accurate. different looks is your evidence for difference races? the only people i've ever seen who look alike are twins, identical gene for gene.

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The problem with a multi-regional hypothesis is that there is NO evidence for human evolution outside africa. Theres a very extensive fossil record in africa of our evolution but outside there is nothing. Also I don't think it was suggested anywhere that neanderthals came from africa.

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http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/05/07/gulf.oil.spill/index.html?hpt=T1

if fresh water

http://www.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/05/07/oil.spill.tourism/index.html

Too bad for you [naziz skinheads], no more [pot]hippies for you.

or water.

 

http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20627603.100-baby-vaccine-contaminated-with-pig-virus.html

or mouse virus contaminated stem cells.

Nazi might not be paranoid AS TOO SCIENCE., just not of the right thing as a racial outlook or even like a asteroid blowing up.

Which appears to be at be, like many cults, but there are not one cult but too many.

One is that the politicals think they can survive in a bomb shelter.

Think again, as to bibilcal tribulation prophesy[ look for death but not find it[quamntum attack by demons as willed by heaven].]

makes it sound like the military can't guard t the kings and queens, communists, or socialists elite, and a much different reality.

And in a bomb shelter.

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there is more genetic differences within races than between them. This a widely agreed upon fact within the genetic science community.

Pretty interesting fact really.

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I also found it a fascinating fact quilliam when i first heard it at uni. It's surprising really that alot of people still subscribe to the race classification, guess it just shows how resistant to change we as a race can sometimes be.

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The majority of the people in the world are of an ethnocentric world view. They identify with the people around them, their ethnic, political or racial group. Genetics is only a very recent discovery understood mostly by scientifically minded people with a worldcentric view point.

Worldcentric scientist disproving race has as much sway, influence and truth to it for the majority of the world as atheist disproving god. Many of the worlds people see race as an unmovable part of who they are and how they identify with the rest of humanity. Destroying the idea of race will dis-empower many people who are not ready to shift into the worldcentric view point. Race does not have to be a negative construct.

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goes to show that our ancestors were horney fagga's!! they'd do it with the other spp!

I say mix up all the human tribes! :) mixing people makes beautiful people!

poloneysian + african + caucasian + asian + any other distinct human - the good looking daughter of that mix of people I want as my GF of about 28 years old.... :) hahahaha......

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Given that so far the genetic addition appears to be one sided I'd say it's more likely that Neanderthal men were the ones gettin lucky as i'd imagine the child would have stayed with the mother. That's only relevant if they didn't actually live in the same camp but different camps.

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Also there is nothing that shows neanderthalls came from africa as far as I know.

 

All hominids came out of Africa at some point.

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there is more genetic differences within races than between them. This a widely agreed upon fact within the genetic science community.

Pretty interesting fact really.

makes sense if you think we are propably sapiens X neanderthal hybrids :)

I always believed MAN IS THE BASTARDS [

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